Investment Policy Monitor
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UNCTAD has been collecting information on changes in national foreign direct investment (FDI) policies on an annual basis since 1992. This collection has provided input to the analysis of global and regional investment policy trends in the World Investment Report, the Investment Policy Monitors and the UNCTAD-OECD Reports on G20 Measures.
In 2024, to further strengthen the quality of reporting, UNCTAD revised the methodology of monitoring investment policy measures. and revised the measures going back to 2012 accordingly.
The Investment Policy Monitor provides the international investment community with country-specific, up-to-date information about the latest developments in foreign investment policies.
Through its monitoring of investment policy changes, UNCTAD offers cutting-edge and innovative contributions to investment policy discourse, and contributes to preparing the ground for future policymaking in the interest of making foreign investment work for sustainable development.
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The UNCTAD's Investment Policy Monitor database include official measures affecting FDI adopted by United Nations Member States. These encompass measures explicitly targeting FDI (FDI-specific), as well as general investment measures with a clear impact on foreign investment (FDI-related). The measures are either reported directly to UNCTAD by Member States through annual surveys or identified by UNCTAD researchers through publicly accessible sources (such as government websites and specialized policy databases). The classification of measures as more or less favourable is based solely on their potential impact on investors.
Note: Measures are verified, to the fullest extent possible, by referencing government sources. The compilation of measures is not exhaustive.
Disclaimer: the boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
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- Estonia - Introduces an FDI screening regime
Estonia
Introduces an FDI screening regime
25 Jan 2023On 25 January 2023, the Estonian Parliament adopted the Foreign Investment Reliability Assessment Act (Välisinvesteeringu usaldusväärsuse hindamise seadus), that introduced an FDI screening regime. The new legislation applies to non-EU foreign investments in strategic and sensitive areas that are important for the functioning of the State (energy, transport, communications, etc.) or to specific companies, for example, providers of vital services, public undertakings, media companies, managers of State operating reserves and transport infrastructure operators. In order to acquire 10 per cent or more of the share capital or obtain direct or indirect control over a target company, approval from the Consumer Protection and Technical Regulatory Authority is necessary. The authority will evaluate the potential impact of the foreign investment on Estonia's or another European Union member States' security and public order before granting permission. The act will enter into force on 1 September 2023.
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Type:
- Entry and establishment (Approval and admission)
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Industry:
- Primary (Mining and quarrying)
- Manufacturing (Printing and reproduction of recorded media)
- Services (Transportation and storage, Publishing, audiovisual and broadcasting activities, Telecommunications, Other service activities)
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Sources:
- Official gazette - Riigi Teataja, Law on the assessment of the reliability of foreign investment , https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/110022023003, 10 Feb 2023
- www.sorainen.com, Estonia will start screening foreign investments from September 2023, https://www.sorainen.com/estonia-will-start-screening-foreign-investments-from-september-2023/, 10 Feb 2023
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UNCTAD has been collecting information on changes in national foreign direct investment (FDI) policies on an annual basis since 1992. This collection has provided input to the analysis of global and regional investment policy trends in the World Investment Report, the Investment Policy Monitors and the UNCTAD-OECD Reports on G20 Measures.
In 2024, to further strengthen the quality of reporting, UNCTAD revised the methodology of monitoring investment policy measures. and revised the measures going back to 2012 accordingly.
The Investment Policy Monitor provides the international investment community with country-specific, up-to-date information about the latest developments in foreign investment policies.
Through its monitoring of investment policy changes, UNCTAD offers cutting-edge and innovative contributions to investment policy discourse, and contributes to preparing the ground for future policymaking in the interest of making foreign investment work for sustainable development.
-
The UNCTAD's Investment Policy Monitor database include official measures affecting FDI adopted by United Nations Member States. These encompass measures explicitly targeting FDI (FDI-specific), as well as general investment measures with a clear impact on foreign investment (FDI-related). The measures are either reported directly to UNCTAD by Member States through annual surveys or identified by UNCTAD researchers through publicly accessible sources (such as government websites and specialized policy databases). The classification of measures as more or less favourable is based solely on their potential impact on investors.
Note: Measures are verified, to the fullest extent possible, by referencing government sources. The compilation of measures is not exhaustive.
Disclaimer: the boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.