Investment Policy Monitor
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The Investment Policy Monitor provides the international investment community with up-to-date, country-specific information on recent policy developments affecting foreign direct investment (FDI).
Through its ongoing monitoring of investment policy changes, UNCTAD delivers cutting-edge and forward-looking contributions to investment policy discourse. The Monitor also supports evidence-based policymaking aimed at ensuring that foreign investment contributes to sustainable development. The Monitor also informs the analysis of global and regional investment policy trends featured in the World Investment Report, the Investment Policy Monitor publications and the joint UNCTAD-OECD Reports on G20 Investment Measures.
UNCTAD has tracked changes in national policies affecting FDI on an annual basis since 1992. Over time, the methodology has been revised to enhance the quality and consistency of reporting. The most recent revision, completed in 2024, further refined the monitoring framework and applied the updated classification to policy measures dating back to 2012.
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UNCTAD Investment Policy Monitor The UNCTAD Investment Policy Monitor database compiles official measures affecting FDI adopted by United Nations Member States. These encompass measures explicitly targeting foreign investment (FDI-specific), as well as general investment measures that have a clear impact on such investment (FDI-related).
The measures are either reported directly to UNCTAD by Member States through annual surveys or identified by UNCTAD researchers through publicly accessible sources (such as government websites and specialized policy databases).
The classification of measures as more or less favourable to investors is based solely on their potential impact on investors. The type of measures included in each category are described below. This classification does not reflect any value judgement by UNCTAD on the merit or suitability of the measure.
Classification of the nature of measures
More favourable to investors
Liberalization: includes privatization; lifting of entry restrictions (e.g. opening of sectors to FDI) and entry conditions (e.g. minimum capital requirement); removal (total or partial) of FDI screening or approval mechanisms; lifting of foreign exchange restrictions; liberalization of land access.
Facilitation: includes streamlining of investment procedures (e.g. one-stop shops); greater transparency of investment-related laws and procedures (e.g. information portals); introduction by IPAs and other entities of new services to assist investors (e.g. linkages programmes, investor visa facilitation or alternative dispute resolution mechanisms).
Promotion: includes establishment of IPAs or other institutions with a remit as investment promoters and expansion of their mandate; adoption of investment promotion strategy and plans; introduction of PPPs, auctions, and concessions initiatives or framework; introduction of OFDI promotion initiatives.
Incentives: includes adoption of new tax and financial incentives schemes for investment; introduction of other incentives (e.g. citizenship by investment programmes); adoption of new SEZ-related incentives.
Other regulatory changes: includes enhancement of investor treatment and protection guarantees; easing of labour or migration regulations concerning foreign hires and key personnel; removal of operational restrictions on investment (e.g. local content requirements).
Less favourable to investors
Entry: includes introduction or tightening of entry restrictions (e.g. total or partial ban on FDI in specific sectors); introduction or tightening of entry conditions (e.g. minimum investment threshold, joint venture requirements or State participation in strategic sectors); introduction or expansion of screening mechanisms for national security.
Treatment and operation: includes introduction or expansion of foreign exchange restrictions; introduction or expansion of restrictions on foreign hires and key personnel; removal or reduction of investment incentives; introduction or expansion of post-establishment requirements for local content; reduction of guarantees for investment treatment and protection; introduction or expansion of restrictions on OFDI.
Note: Measures are verified, to the fullest extent possible, by referencing government sources. The compilation of measures is not exhaustive.
Disclaimer: the boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
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Investment Policy Measures
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Ukraine
20 Dec 2024Further eases foreign exchange restrictions
In 2024, Ukraine introduced several measures to liberalize foreign exchange regulations and expand capital market access for foreign investors through the National Bank of Ukraine’s (NBU) Resolutions No. 83 (09 July), No. 90 (19 July), [...]
Ukraine
04 May 2024Eases foreign exchange restrictions to promote inward and outward investment
On 4 May 2024, the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) eased foreign exchange restrictions to improve business conditions, promote outward investment abroad, and support economic recovery and investment inflows. Key changes include allowing [...]
Ukraine
17 Sep 2023Broadens the application of state support to a wider spectrum of investors
On 9 August 2023, the Parliament of Ukraine amended Law No. 1116-IX ,“On State Support for Investment Projects with Significant Investments in Ukraine”, expanding benefits for a broader range of investors to enhance the investment [...]
Ukraine
23 Feb 2023Introduces a new set of sanctions against the Russian banking and financial sector
On 22 February 2023, the Parliament of Ukraine passed a resolution to impose sanctions on the Russian banking and financial sector. These sanctions will remain in effect for 50 years and will apply to all banks, non-bank credit institutions, [...]
Ukraine
15 Oct 2022Amends the procedure for issuing work permits to foreigners
On 21 September 2022, the Ukrainian Parliament by the Law No. 2623-IX amended the procedure for obtaining work permits for foreigners. It introduced the provisions on equal working conditions for citizens of Ukraine and foreigners [...]
Ukraine
18 Jul 2022Introduces tax and customs incentives for residents of industrial parks
On 21 June 2022, the Parliament of Ukraine introduced additional tax and customs incentives for the residents of industrial parks. The amended Tax Code and Customs Code provide for the following incentives: - An exemption from income [...]
Ukraine
07 Mar 2022Adopts a law on forced seizure of property of the Russian Federation and its residents
On 7 March 2022, the Law of Ukraine "On the Basic Principles of the Forcible Seizure of Objects of Property Rights of the Russian Federation and its Residents in Ukraine" came into force. It regulates the procedure on the forcible [...]
Ukraine
25 Feb 2022Liquidates two banks controlled by the Russian Federation
On 25 February 2022, the National Bank of Ukraine revoked the licenses of two banks controlled by the Russian banks Sberbank and VEB and liquidated their assets. It also banned the country’s banks from making any foreign exchange transactions [...]
Ukraine
01 Jan 2022New preferential tax and legal regime for IT residents in Diia City
On 14 December 2021, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted Law No. 1946-IX “On Amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine and Other Laws of Ukraine regarding the Stimulation of the Digital Economy Development in Ukraine” (Закон «Про внесення [...]
Ukraine
28 Mar 2021Introduction of tax incentives for large investments
On 28 March 2021, the Law no. 1293-IX entered into force to supplement the previously enacted Law On State Support for Investment Projects with Significant Investments. The new legislation provides investors implementing large investments [...]
Ukraine
13 Feb 2021Introduction of new investment promotion regime
On 13 February 2021, the Law On State Support for Investment Projects with Significant Investments in Ukraine entered into force. It provides special preferences and incentives for a special category of investment called "investment [...]
Ukraine
02 Nov 2019The Ukrainian Government simplifies the registration of representatives offices of foreign companies
On 2 November 2019, Decree No. 893 "Certain Issues of Registration of Representative Offices of Foreign Business Entities in Ukraine", adopted by the Cabinet of Ukraine, entered into force. It simplifies the registration procedure [...]
Ukraine
19 Oct 2019Promotes foreign investment in the cinematographic industry
On 19 October 2019, an amendment to the Law on State Support of Cinematography entered into force. It widens the scope of the cash rebate system for foreign filmmakers, under which they may seek a reimbursement of a percentage of the [...]
Ukraine
10 Sep 2019Liberalization of repatriation of investments in Ukraine
The National Bank of Ukraine decided to abolish a EUR 5 million limit per calendar month on the repatriation of proceeds from foreign investments with the effect on 10 September 2019. The limit used to apply to proceeds from securities [...]
Ukraine
07 Mar 2018New Privatization Law adopted
The new Privatization Law entered into force on 7 March 2018. It simplifies the privatization of almost 3.500 State-owned enterprises, extends its scope and brings the process to international standards. The law includes certain provisions [...]
Ukraine
18 Jan 2018Parliament adopts the Bill on privatization of public property
On 18 January 2018, the Parliament adopted the Bill on the Privatization of Public Property. The law aims to make the privatization process more transparent and faster for investors. For example, the law establishes a time period of [...]
Ukraine
08 Dec 2017Approves list of companies for privatization in 2018
On 8 December 2017, Ukraine's State Property Fund (SPF) approved a list of almost 100 enterprises eligible for privatization in 2018. The list includes heat and power plants (such as the Mykolaiv, Dniprovska, Kherson and Kryvy Rih [...]
Ukraine
04 Jul 2017Promulgates list of state enterprises to be privatized
On 4 July 2017, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade published a list of state enterprises, organizations and institutions that will either remain in state ownership or will be transferred to concessions, privatized or liquidated. [...]
Ukraine
23 May 2017Cancels the requirement for the registration of foreign investment and simplifies rules on the employment of foreigners
On 23 May 2017, the Parliament adopted Law No. 4541 on amendments to some legislative acts on foreign investment. The bill cancels the registration requirement for foreign investment, replacing it with a formal notification for statistical [...]
Ukraine
04 Apr 2017Eases temporary foreign exchange restrictions
On 4 April 2017, the National Bank of Ukraine approved Resolution No. 30 "On Amendments to NBU Board Resolution No. 410 of 13 December 2016". The resolution reduces the requirement for the mandatory sale of companies' foreign currency [...]
Ukraine
13 Sep 2016New list of State enterprises subject to privatization
On 13 September 2016, Resolution No. 271 of 31 August 2016 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine entered into effect. It introduces a new list of more than 130 state entities subject to privatization. Newly added companies include, [...]
Ukraine
14 Jul 2016Parliament allows aviation industry to set-up joint ventures with foreign partners
On 14 July 2016, the Parliament adopted law No. 4809 “On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine regarding the establishment of conditions for international cooperation between aircraft entities and the development of the [...]
Ukraine
22 Jun 2016Abolishes mandatory state registration of foreign investment
On 22 June 2016, the President signed into law Bill No. 1390-VIII “On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine concerning the abolition of mandatory state registration of foreign investment”. The Bill abolishes the mandatory [...]
Ukraine
02 Jun 2016Parliament makes the joint-stock company "Ukrzaliznytsia" (Ukrainian Railways) ineligible for privatization
On 2 June 2016, the Parliament adopted Bill No. 4594 on amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the list of objects of state property not subject to privatization”. The joint-stock company “Ukrzaliznytsia” (Ukrainian Railways) has been [...]
Ukraine
05 May 2016Central Bank lifts restriction on the mandatory conversion of foreign investment into local currency
On 5 May 2016, Ukraine’s Central Bank lifted the requirement that three-quarters of all capital coming into the country as foreign investment be converted into the local currency Hryvnia. The decision has entered into force on 11 May [...]
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The Investment Policy Monitor provides the international investment community with up-to-date, country-specific information on recent policy developments affecting foreign direct investment (FDI).
Through its ongoing monitoring of investment policy changes, UNCTAD delivers cutting-edge and forward-looking contributions to investment policy discourse. The Monitor also supports evidence-based policymaking aimed at ensuring that foreign investment contributes to sustainable development. The Monitor also informs the analysis of global and regional investment policy trends featured in the World Investment Report, the Investment Policy Monitor publications and the joint UNCTAD-OECD Reports on G20 Investment Measures.
UNCTAD has tracked changes in national policies affecting FDI on an annual basis since 1992. Over time, the methodology has been revised to enhance the quality and consistency of reporting. The most recent revision, completed in 2024, further refined the monitoring framework and applied the updated classification to policy measures dating back to 2012.
-
UNCTAD Investment Policy Monitor The UNCTAD Investment Policy Monitor database compiles official measures affecting FDI adopted by United Nations Member States. These encompass measures explicitly targeting foreign investment (FDI-specific), as well as general investment measures that have a clear impact on such investment (FDI-related).
The measures are either reported directly to UNCTAD by Member States through annual surveys or identified by UNCTAD researchers through publicly accessible sources (such as government websites and specialized policy databases).
The classification of measures as more or less favourable to investors is based solely on their potential impact on investors. The type of measures included in each category are described below. This classification does not reflect any value judgement by UNCTAD on the merit or suitability of the measure.
Classification of the nature of measures
More favourable to investors
Liberalization: includes privatization; lifting of entry restrictions (e.g. opening of sectors to FDI) and entry conditions (e.g. minimum capital requirement); removal (total or partial) of FDI screening or approval mechanisms; lifting of foreign exchange restrictions; liberalization of land access.
Facilitation: includes streamlining of investment procedures (e.g. one-stop shops); greater transparency of investment-related laws and procedures (e.g. information portals); introduction by IPAs and other entities of new services to assist investors (e.g. linkages programmes, investor visa facilitation or alternative dispute resolution mechanisms).
Promotion: includes establishment of IPAs or other institutions with a remit as investment promoters and expansion of their mandate; adoption of investment promotion strategy and plans; introduction of PPPs, auctions, and concessions initiatives or framework; introduction of OFDI promotion initiatives.
Incentives: includes adoption of new tax and financial incentives schemes for investment; introduction of other incentives (e.g. citizenship by investment programmes); adoption of new SEZ-related incentives.
Other regulatory changes: includes enhancement of investor treatment and protection guarantees; easing of labour or migration regulations concerning foreign hires and key personnel; removal of operational restrictions on investment (e.g. local content requirements).
Less favourable to investors
Entry: includes introduction or tightening of entry restrictions (e.g. total or partial ban on FDI in specific sectors); introduction or tightening of entry conditions (e.g. minimum investment threshold, joint venture requirements or State participation in strategic sectors); introduction or expansion of screening mechanisms for national security.
Treatment and operation: includes introduction or expansion of foreign exchange restrictions; introduction or expansion of restrictions on foreign hires and key personnel; removal or reduction of investment incentives; introduction or expansion of post-establishment requirements for local content; reduction of guarantees for investment treatment and protection; introduction or expansion of restrictions on OFDI.
Note: Measures are verified, to the fullest extent possible, by referencing government sources. The compilation of measures is not exhaustive.
Disclaimer: the boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
Share
Latest publications
