OIC Investment Agreement (1981) | International Investment Agreements Navigator

International Investment Agreements Navigator

About

UNCTAD's Work Programme on International Investment Agreements (IIAs) actively assists policymakers, government officials and other IIA stakeholders to reform IIAs with a view to making them more conducive to sustainable development and inclusive growth.

International investment rulemaking is taking place at the bilateral, regional, interregional and multilateral levels. It requires policymakers, negotiators, civil society and other stakeholders to be well informed about foreign direct investment, international investment agreements (IIAs) and their impact on sustainable development.

Main goals of UNCTAD’s Work Programme on IIAs

• Reform the international investment agreements (IIAs) regime to enhance its sustainable development dimension,

• Provide comprehensive analysis on key issues arising from the complexity of the international investment regime,

• Develop a wide range of tools to support the formulation of more balanced international investment policies.

The three pillars of activities

• Research and policy analysis: monitoring trends, identifying key emerging issues and providing cutting-edge knowledge on IIAs from a sustainable development perspective,

• Technical assistance: delivering trainings, seminars and workshops; conducting IIA and model BIT reviews; offering ad-hoc advice to strengthen the capacity of beneficiaries in handling the complexities of the IIA regime,

• Intergovernmental consensus-building: exchanging and sharing best practices and experience with the view to fostering global investment governance.

For further information, please contact us via the online contact form.

IIA Navigator

This database of IIAs – the IIA Navigator – is maintained by UNCTAD’s IIA Section. You can browse through IIAs concluded by a particular country or country grouping, view recently concluded IIAs, or use the Advanced Treaty Search for sophisticated searches tailored to your needs.
Please cite as: UNCTAD, International Investment Agreements Navigator, available at https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/

IIA Mapping Project

The IIA Mapping Project is a collaborative initiative between UNCTAD and universities worldwide to map the content of IIAs. The resulting database serves as a tool to understand trends in IIA drafting, assess the prevalence of different policy approaches and identify treaty examples.

The “Mapping of IIA Content” allows browsing through the project results to date (the page is regularly updated as the new results come in).
Please cite as: UNCTAD, Mapping of IIA Content, available at https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/iia-mapping

For more information:
Mapping Project page
Project Description & Methodology document
Terminology
IIA Navigator

International investment agreements (IIAs) are divided into two types:
(1) bilateral investment treaties and (2) treaties with investment provisions.

A bilateral investment treaty (BIT) is an agreement between two countries regarding promotion and protection of investments made by investors from respective countries in each other’s territory. The great majority of IIAs are BITs.

The category of treaties with investment provisions (TIPs) brings together various types of investment treaties that are not BITs. Three main types of TIPs can be distinguished:

1. broad economic treaties that include obligations commonly found in BITs (e.g. a free trade agreement with an investment chapter);

2. treaties with limited investment-related provisions (e.g. only those concerning establishment of investments or free transfer of investment-related funds); and

3. treaties that only contain “framework” clauses such as the ones on cooperation in the area of investment and/or for a mandate for future negotiations on investment issues.

In addition to IIAs, there also exists an open-ended category of investment-related instruments (IRIs). It encompasses various binding and not-binding instruments and includes, for example, model agreements and draft instruments, multilateral conventions on dispute settlement and arbitration rules, documents adopted by international organisations, and others.

IIA Mapping Project

Key concepts

- The mapping structure, displayed in the “Select mapped treaty elements” tab, is a “table of contents” that includes all of the mapped treaty elements. It corresponds to the typical structure of an IIA.

- The mapped treaty elements are elements of an investment treaty mapped in the course of the IIA Mapping Project. The number of mapped treaty elements exceeds 100. Each mapped treaty element has a set of pre-defined mapping options to choose from.

- The mapping options indicate the approach taken in the treaty to the relevant mapped treaty element. Mapping options can be of the “Yes/No” type or they can indicate the treaty approach more specifically (e.g. the type of fair and equitable treatment clause (FET) – qualified / unqualified / none etc.). Each mapped treaty element includes the “Inconclusive” and “Not applicable” options.

Search tips

“Select mapped treaty elements” tab:
- By default, the tab shows the highest-level headings within the mapping structure. Click on the relevant heading to expand individual sections, or click on the “Expand/Collapse All” button to see all mapped treaty elements.
- To generate a list of treaties that satisfy a certain option under a mapped treaty element, find the element in the mapping structure and select the desired option (e.g. Preamble / Reference to sustainable development / Yes).
- Once a selection is made, the list of treaties is updated automatically, so that only treaties that correspond to the selected option are listed (the resulting number of treaties appears in the orange bar above the listed treaties, which also displays the total number of mapped treaties, e.g. “43 out of 1437 mapped treaties”).
- If more than one option is selected under the same mapped treaty element, the system displays treaties that correspond to at least one of the options selected (i.e. results are combined). For example, a selection of “Type of FET clause”: “FET unqualified” and “FET qualified” will generate a list of mapped treaties that contain either type of clause.
- If more than one option is selected under different mapped treaty elements, the system displays only those treaties that correspond to all of the parameters/options selected. For example, a selection of “Type of FET clause”: “FET qualified” and “Type of MFN clause”: “Post-establishment” will generate a list of mapped treaties that fulfil both criteria at the same time.
“Filter by country, type, status, year” tab:
- To apply an additional filter or filters, click on the “Filter by country, type, status, year” tab, expand the relevant filter(s) and make a selection.
- Once a selection is made, the list of treaties is updated automatically, so that only treaties that correspond to the selected option are listed (the resulting number of treaties appears in the orange bar above the listed treaties, which also displays the total number of mapped treaties, e.g. “905 out of 1437 mapped treaties”).
- The additional filters under “Filter by country, type, status, year” can be used on their own or in combination with the “Select mapped treaty elements” tab (e.g. to generate a list of BITs in force concluded between 2005 and 2015 whose preambles contain a reference to sustainable development).
- If more than one option is selected under the same additional filter, the system displays treaties that correspond to at least one of the options selected (i.e. results are combined). For example, selecting “Argentina” and “Austria” in the “Country” filter will generate a list of mapped treaties signed either by Argentina or by Austria.
- If more than one option is selected under different additional filters, the system displays only those treaties that correspond to all of the filters/options selected. For example, selecting “BITs” in the “Type of agreement” filter and “In force” in the “Status” filter will generate a list of mapped treaties that fulfil both criteria at the same time.
Individual treaty mapping and text:
- To view the full mapping of any individual treaty listed, click on any individual treaty name in the “short title” column (opens in a new tab) and scroll down to the “Mapped treaty elements” (click “Expand / collapse all” to see all elements.
- The text of any treaty listed can be accessed through the link or links in the “Text” column (opens in a new tab).
- For additional information on any individual treaty, click on the treaty’s “Short title”.
“Expand/Collapse All” and “Clear selection” buttons:
- The respective buttons apply only to the tab that is currently active, i.e. the “Select mapped treaty elements” tab or the “Filter by country, type, status, year” tab. To apply a button in both tabs, click the button in the current tab, then switch to the other tabs and click the button again.
Methodology

Disclaimer

The IIA Navigator is continuously adjusted as a result of verification with, and comments from, UN Member States. It is primarily built on information provided by governments on a voluntary basis. A treaty is included in a country's IIA count once it is formally concluded; treaties whose negotiations have been concluded, but which have not been signed, are not counted. A treaty is excluded from the IIA count once its termination becomes effective, regardless of whether it continues to have legal effect for certain investments during its “survival” (“sunset”) period.

While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of its content, UNCTAD assumes no responsibility for eventual errors or omissions in these data. The information and texts included in the database serve a purely informative purpose and have no official or legal status. In the event of doubt regarding the content of the database, it is suggested that you contact the relevant government department of the State(s) concerned. Users are kindly asked to report agreements, errors or omissions by using the online contact form.

The IIA Mapping Project is a collaborative initiative between UNCTAD and universities worldwide to map the content of IIAs. Individual treaties are mapped by law students from participating universities, under the supervision of their professors and with the overall guidance and coordination of UNCTAD.

The mapping results included in the IIA Mapping Project database serve a purely informative purpose. The mapping of treaty provisions is not exhaustive, has no official or legal status, does not affect the rights and obligations of the contracting parties and is not intended to provide any authoritative or official legal interpretation.

While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, UNCTAD assumes no responsibility for eventual errors or omissions in the mapping data. In the event of doubt regarding the correctness of mapping results, users are kindly asked to contact us via the online contact form.

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International Investment Agreements Navigator >
OIC Investment Agreement (1981)

Agreement on Promotion, Protection and Guarantee of Investments amongst the Member States of the Organization of the Islamic Conference

Short title:

OIC Investment Agreement (1981)

Parties

1. OIC Investment Agreement members

Treaty type

Treaties with Investment Provisions

Status

In force

Date of signature

05/06/1981

Date of entry into force

02-1988

Treaty full text

IIA content

Not mapped

Additional notes

As of 2021, the OIC Investment Agreement was in force for: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, State of Palestine, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uganda.

More information on the status of the agreement and the signatories can be found here.

Relationships with other agreements

Type	Agreement
Coexists with	Afghanistan - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (2006)
Coexists with	Afghanistan - Turkey BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Albania - Egypt BIT (1993)
Coexists with	Albania - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (2002)
Coexists with	Albania - Kuwait BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Albania - Malaysia BIT (1994)
Coexists with	Albania - Qatar BIT (2011)
Coexists with	Albania - Tunisia BIT (1993)
Coexists with	Albania - Turkey BIT (1992)
Coexists with	Bangladesh - Indonesia BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Bangladesh - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Bangladesh - Malaysia BIT (1994)
Coexists with	Bangladesh - Pakistan BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Bangladesh - Turkey BIT (2012)
Coexists with	Bangladesh - United Arab Emirates BIT (2011)
Coexists with	Benin - Burkina Faso BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Guinea BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Guinea BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Guinea BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Guinea BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Guinea BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Guinea BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Guinea BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Lebanon BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Benin - Mali BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Benin - Morocco BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Benin - United Arab Emirates BIT (2013)
Coexists with	Burkina Faso - Comoros BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Burkina Faso - Guinea BIT (2003)
Coexists with	Burkina Faso - Malaysia BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Burkina Faso - Mauritania BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Burkina Faso - Morocco BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Burkina Faso - Tunisia BIT (1993)
Coexists with	Cameroon - Egypt BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Cameroon - Guinea BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Cameroon - Mali BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Cameroon - Mauritania BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Cameroon - Morocco BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Cameroon - Turkey BIT (2012)
Coexists with	Comoros - Egypt BIT (1994)
Coexists with	Comoros - Mali BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Côte d'Ivoire - Tunisia BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Djibouti - Egypt BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Djibouti - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (2010)
Coexists with	Djibouti - Malaysia BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Djibouti - Turkey BIT (2013)
Coexists with	Egypt - Gabon BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Egypt - Guinea BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Egypt - Indonesia BIT (1994)
Coexists with	Egypt - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (1977)
Coexists with	Egypt - Jordan BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Egypt - Kuwait BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Egypt - Libya BIT (1990)
Coexists with	Egypt - Lebanon BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Egypt - Malaysia BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Egypt - Mali BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Egypt - Morocco BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Egypt - Niger BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Egypt - Nigeria BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Egypt - Oman BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Egypt - State of Palestine BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Egypt - Qatar BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Egypt - Pakistan BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Egypt - Senegal BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Egypt - Somalia BIT (1982)
Coexists with	Egypt - Sudan BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Egypt - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Egypt - Tunisia BIT (1989)
Coexists with	Egypt - Turkey BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Egypt - Uganda BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Egypt - United Arab Emirates BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Egypt - Yemen BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Gabon - Lebanon BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Gabon - Mali BIT (2005)
Coexists with	Gabon - Morocco BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Gabon - Turkey BIT (2012)
Coexists with	Gambia - Guinea BIT (2002)
Coexists with	Gambia - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Gambia - Libya BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Gambia - Mali BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Gambia - Mauritania BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Gambia - Morocco BIT (2006)
Coexists with	Gambia - Qatar BIT (2002)
Coexists with	Gambia - Turkey BIT (2013)
Coexists with	Guinea - Lebanon BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Guinea - Malaysia BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Guinea - Mali BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Guinea - Mauritania BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Guinea - Morocco BIT (2002)
Coexists with	Guinea - Tunisia BIT (1990)
Coexists with	Guinea - Turkey BIT (2013)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (2005)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Jordan BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Malaysia BIT (1994)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Morocco BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Pakistan BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Qatar BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Saudi Arabia BIT (2003)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Sudan BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Tajikistan BIT (2003)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Tunisia BIT (1992)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Turkey BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Yemen BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Kuwait BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Lebanon BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Libya BIT (2006)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Malaysia BIT (2002)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Morocco BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Oman BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Pakistan BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Qatar BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Sudan BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Tajikistan BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Turkey BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Tunisia BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Yemen BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Iraq - Kuwait BIT (1964)
Coexists with	Jordan - Kuwait BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Jordan - Lebanon BIT (2002)
Coexists with	Jordan - Malaysia BIT (1994)
Coexists with	Jordan - Morocco BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Jordan - Oman BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Jordan - State of Palestine BIT (2012)
Coexists with	Jordan - Qatar BIT (2009)
Coexists with	Jordan - Sudan BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Jordan - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Jordan - Tunisia BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Jordan - Turkey BIT (1993)
Coexists with	Jordan - United Arab Emirates BIT (2009)
Coexists with	Jordan - Yemen BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Lebanon BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Malaysia BIT (1987)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Mauritania BIT (2006)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Morocco BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Pakistan BIT (2011)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Sudan BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Tajikistan BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Tunisia BIT (1973)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Turkey BIT (2010)
Coexists with	Kuwait - United Arab Emirates BIT (1966)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Yemen BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Malaysia BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Mauritania BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Morocco BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Oman BIT (2006)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Pakistan BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Qatar BIT (2010)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Sudan BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2010)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Tunisia BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Turkey BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Lebanon - United Arab Emirates BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Lebanon - Yemen BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Libya - Morocco BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Libya - Qatar BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Libya - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (1993)
Coexists with	Libya - Tunisia BIT (2005)
Coexists with	Libya - Turkey BIT (2009)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Morocco BIT (2002)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Pakistan BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Saudi Arabia BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Senegal BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Sudan BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2009)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Turkey BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Malaysia - United Arab Emirates BIT (1991)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Yemen BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Mali - Qatar BIT (2002)
Coexists with	Mali - Senegal BIT (2005)
Coexists with	Mali - Tunisia BIT (1986)
Coexists with	Mauritania - Morocco BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Mauritania - Qatar BIT (2003)
Coexists with	Mauritania - Tunisia BIT (1986)
Coexists with	Morocco - Oman BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Morocco - Pakistan BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Morocco - Qatar BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Morocco - Senegal BIT (2006)
Coexists with	Morocco - Sudan BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Morocco - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Morocco - Tunisia BIT (1994)
Coexists with	Morocco - Turkey BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Morocco - United Arab Emirates BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Morocco - Yemen BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Niger - Tunisia BIT (1992)
Coexists with	Nigeria - Turkey BIT (2011)
Coexists with	Nigeria - Uganda BIT (2003)
Coexists with	Oman - Pakistan BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Oman - Sudan BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Oman - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2005)
Coexists with	Oman - Tunisia BIT (1991)
Coexists with	Oman - Turkey BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Oman - Yemen BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Pakistan - Qatar BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Pakistan - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Pakistan - Tajikistan BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Pakistan - Tunisia BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Pakistan - Turkey BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Pakistan - Turkey BIT (2012)
Coexists with	Pakistan - United Arab Emirates BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Pakistan - Yemen BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Qatar - Senegal BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Qatar - Sudan BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Qatar - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2003)
Coexists with	Qatar - Tajikistan BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Qatar - Tunisia BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Qatar - Turkey BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Qatar - Yemen BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Saudi Arabia - Turkey BIT (2006)
Coexists with	Senegal - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (1975)
Coexists with	Senegal - Tunisia BIT (1984)
Coexists with	Senegal - Turkey BIT (2010)
Coexists with	Sudan - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2000)
Coexists with	Sudan - Tunisia BIT (2003)
Coexists with	Sudan - United Arab Emirates BIT (2011)
Coexists with	Sudan - Yemen BIT (1999)
Coexists with	Syrian Arab Republic - Tajikistan BIT (2007)
Coexists with	Syrian Arab Republic - Tunisia BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Syrian Arab Republic - Turkey BIT (2004)
Coexists with	Syrian Arab Republic - United Arab Emirates BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Syrian Arab Republic - Yemen BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Tajikistan - Turkey BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Tajikistan - United Arab Emirates BIT (1995)
Coexists with	Tunisia - Turkey BIT (1991)
Coexists with	Tunisia - United Arab Emirates BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Tunisia - Yemen BIT (1998)
Coexists with	Turkey - United Arab Emirates BIT (2005)
Coexists with	Turkey - Yemen BIT (2000)
Coexists with	United Arab Emirates - Yemen BIT (2001)
No overlap	Albania - Turkey FTA (2006)
No overlap	Egypt - Turkey FTA (2005)
No overlap	Syria - Turkey FTA (2004)
No overlap	Palestine - Turkey FTA (2004)
No overlap	Morocco - Turkey FTA (2004)
No overlap	Jordan - Turkey FTA (2009)
Coexists with	Malaysia - Pakistan CEPA (2007)
Coexists with	Egypt - Saudi Arabia (1990)
No overlap	Malaysia - Turkey FTA (2014)
Coexists with	Guinea-Bissau - Morocco BIT (2015)
Coexists with	Mali - Morocco BIT (2014)
Coexists with	Côte d'Ivoire - Turkey BIT (2016)
Coexists with	Somalia - Turkey BIT (2016)
Coexists with	Morocco - Nigeria BIT (2016)
Coexists with	Jordan - Turkey BIT (2016)
Coexists with	Iraq - Kuwait BIT (2013)
Coexists with	Indonesia - Libya BIT (2009)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Senegal BIT (2009)
Coexists with	Kuwait - Nigeria BIT (2011)
Coexists with	Sudan - Turkey BIT (2014)
Coexists with	Turkey - Benin BIT (2013)
Coexists with	Sudan - United Arab Emirates BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Morocco - Senegal BIT (2001)
Coexists with	Morocco - Yemen BIT (1997)
Coexists with	Nigeria - Turkey BIT (1996)
Coexists with	Nigeria - United Arab Emirates BIT (2016)
Coexists with	Mauritania - Turkey BIT (2018)
Coexists with	Mali - Turkey BIT (2018)
Coexists with	Turkey - State of Palestine BIT (2018)
Coexists with	Guinea - United Arab Emirates BIT (2011)
Coexists with	Burkina Faso - Turkey BIT (2019)
Coexists with	Iran, Islamic Republic of - Iraq BIT (2015)
Coexists with	Jordan - Iraq BIT (2013)
Coexists with	Benin - Kuwait BIT (2008)
Coexists with	Djibouti - Kuwait BIT (2009)
Coexists with	Jordan - Saudi Arabia BIT (2017)
Coexists with	Mali - United Arab Emirates BIT (2018)
Coexists with	Albania - United Arab Emirates BIT (2015)
Coexists with	Iraq - Saudi Arabia BIT (2019)
Coexists with	Bangladesh - Kuwait BIT (2016)
Coexists with	Qatar - Somalia BIT (2018)
Coexists with	Côte d'Ivoire - Qatar BIT (2018)
Coexists with	Sudan - Turkey BIT (1999)
No overlap	Tunisia - Turkey FTA (2004)
Coexists with	Indonesia - United Arab Emirates CEPA (2022)
Coexists with	Türkiye - United Arab Emirates BIT (2023)
Coexists with	Türkiye - United Arab Emirates CEPA (2023)
Coexists with	Gambia - United Arab Emirates BIT (2019)

About

UNCTAD's Work Programme on International Investment Agreements (IIAs) actively assists policymakers, government officials and other IIA stakeholders to reform IIAs with a view to making them more conducive to sustainable development and inclusive growth.

International investment rulemaking is taking place at the bilateral, regional, interregional and multilateral levels. It requires policymakers, negotiators, civil society and other stakeholders to be well informed about foreign direct investment, international investment agreements (IIAs) and their impact on sustainable development.

Main goals of UNCTAD’s Work Programme on IIAs

• Reform the international investment agreements (IIAs) regime to enhance its sustainable development dimension,

• Provide comprehensive analysis on key issues arising from the complexity of the international investment regime,

• Develop a wide range of tools to support the formulation of more balanced international investment policies.

The three pillars of activities

• Research and policy analysis: monitoring trends, identifying key emerging issues and providing cutting-edge knowledge on IIAs from a sustainable development perspective,

• Technical assistance: delivering trainings, seminars and workshops; conducting IIA and model BIT reviews; offering ad-hoc advice to strengthen the capacity of beneficiaries in handling the complexities of the IIA regime,

• Intergovernmental consensus-building: exchanging and sharing best practices and experience with the view to fostering global investment governance.

For further information, please contact us via the online contact form.

IIA Navigator

This database of IIAs – the IIA Navigator – is maintained by UNCTAD’s IIA Section. You can browse through IIAs concluded by a particular country or country grouping, view recently concluded IIAs, or use the Advanced Treaty Search for sophisticated searches tailored to your needs.
Please cite as: UNCTAD, International Investment Agreements Navigator, available at https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/

IIA Mapping Project

The IIA Mapping Project is a collaborative initiative between UNCTAD and universities worldwide to map the content of IIAs. The resulting database serves as a tool to understand trends in IIA drafting, assess the prevalence of different policy approaches and identify treaty examples.

The “Mapping of IIA Content” allows browsing through the project results to date (the page is regularly updated as the new results come in).
Please cite as: UNCTAD, Mapping of IIA Content, available at https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/iia-mapping

For more information:
Mapping Project page
Project Description & Methodology document
Terminology
IIA Navigator

International investment agreements (IIAs) are divided into two types:
(1) bilateral investment treaties and (2) treaties with investment provisions.

A bilateral investment treaty (BIT) is an agreement between two countries regarding promotion and protection of investments made by investors from respective countries in each other’s territory. The great majority of IIAs are BITs.

The category of treaties with investment provisions (TIPs) brings together various types of investment treaties that are not BITs. Three main types of TIPs can be distinguished:

1. broad economic treaties that include obligations commonly found in BITs (e.g. a free trade agreement with an investment chapter);

2. treaties with limited investment-related provisions (e.g. only those concerning establishment of investments or free transfer of investment-related funds); and

3. treaties that only contain “framework” clauses such as the ones on cooperation in the area of investment and/or for a mandate for future negotiations on investment issues.

In addition to IIAs, there also exists an open-ended category of investment-related instruments (IRIs). It encompasses various binding and not-binding instruments and includes, for example, model agreements and draft instruments, multilateral conventions on dispute settlement and arbitration rules, documents adopted by international organisations, and others.

IIA Mapping Project

Key concepts

- The mapping structure, displayed in the “Select mapped treaty elements” tab, is a “table of contents” that includes all of the mapped treaty elements. It corresponds to the typical structure of an IIA.

- The mapped treaty elements are elements of an investment treaty mapped in the course of the IIA Mapping Project. The number of mapped treaty elements exceeds 100. Each mapped treaty element has a set of pre-defined mapping options to choose from.

- The mapping options indicate the approach taken in the treaty to the relevant mapped treaty element. Mapping options can be of the “Yes/No” type or they can indicate the treaty approach more specifically (e.g. the type of fair and equitable treatment clause (FET) – qualified / unqualified / none etc.). Each mapped treaty element includes the “Inconclusive” and “Not applicable” options.

Search tips

“Select mapped treaty elements” tab:
- By default, the tab shows the highest-level headings within the mapping structure. Click on the relevant heading to expand individual sections, or click on the “Expand/Collapse All” button to see all mapped treaty elements.
- To generate a list of treaties that satisfy a certain option under a mapped treaty element, find the element in the mapping structure and select the desired option (e.g. Preamble / Reference to sustainable development / Yes).
- Once a selection is made, the list of treaties is updated automatically, so that only treaties that correspond to the selected option are listed (the resulting number of treaties appears in the orange bar above the listed treaties, which also displays the total number of mapped treaties, e.g. “43 out of 1437 mapped treaties”).
- If more than one option is selected under the same mapped treaty element, the system displays treaties that correspond to at least one of the options selected (i.e. results are combined). For example, a selection of “Type of FET clause”: “FET unqualified” and “FET qualified” will generate a list of mapped treaties that contain either type of clause.
- If more than one option is selected under different mapped treaty elements, the system displays only those treaties that correspond to all of the parameters/options selected. For example, a selection of “Type of FET clause”: “FET qualified” and “Type of MFN clause”: “Post-establishment” will generate a list of mapped treaties that fulfil both criteria at the same time.
“Filter by country, type, status, year” tab:
- To apply an additional filter or filters, click on the “Filter by country, type, status, year” tab, expand the relevant filter(s) and make a selection.
- Once a selection is made, the list of treaties is updated automatically, so that only treaties that correspond to the selected option are listed (the resulting number of treaties appears in the orange bar above the listed treaties, which also displays the total number of mapped treaties, e.g. “905 out of 1437 mapped treaties”).
- The additional filters under “Filter by country, type, status, year” can be used on their own or in combination with the “Select mapped treaty elements” tab (e.g. to generate a list of BITs in force concluded between 2005 and 2015 whose preambles contain a reference to sustainable development).
- If more than one option is selected under the same additional filter, the system displays treaties that correspond to at least one of the options selected (i.e. results are combined). For example, selecting “Argentina” and “Austria” in the “Country” filter will generate a list of mapped treaties signed either by Argentina or by Austria.
- If more than one option is selected under different additional filters, the system displays only those treaties that correspond to all of the filters/options selected. For example, selecting “BITs” in the “Type of agreement” filter and “In force” in the “Status” filter will generate a list of mapped treaties that fulfil both criteria at the same time.
Individual treaty mapping and text:
- To view the full mapping of any individual treaty listed, click on any individual treaty name in the “short title” column (opens in a new tab) and scroll down to the “Mapped treaty elements” (click “Expand / collapse all” to see all elements.
- The text of any treaty listed can be accessed through the link or links in the “Text” column (opens in a new tab).
- For additional information on any individual treaty, click on the treaty’s “Short title”.
“Expand/Collapse All” and “Clear selection” buttons:
- The respective buttons apply only to the tab that is currently active, i.e. the “Select mapped treaty elements” tab or the “Filter by country, type, status, year” tab. To apply a button in both tabs, click the button in the current tab, then switch to the other tabs and click the button again.
Methodology

Disclaimer

The IIA Navigator is continuously adjusted as a result of verification with, and comments from, UN Member States. It is primarily built on information provided by governments on a voluntary basis. A treaty is included in a country's IIA count once it is formally concluded; treaties whose negotiations have been concluded, but which have not been signed, are not counted. A treaty is excluded from the IIA count once its termination becomes effective, regardless of whether it continues to have legal effect for certain investments during its “survival” (“sunset”) period.

While every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of its content, UNCTAD assumes no responsibility for eventual errors or omissions in these data. The information and texts included in the database serve a purely informative purpose and have no official or legal status. In the event of doubt regarding the content of the database, it is suggested that you contact the relevant government department of the State(s) concerned. Users are kindly asked to report agreements, errors or omissions by using the online contact form.

The IIA Mapping Project is a collaborative initiative between UNCTAD and universities worldwide to map the content of IIAs. Individual treaties are mapped by law students from participating universities, under the supervision of their professors and with the overall guidance and coordination of UNCTAD.

The mapping results included in the IIA Mapping Project database serve a purely informative purpose. The mapping of treaty provisions is not exhaustive, has no official or legal status, does not affect the rights and obligations of the contracting parties and is not intended to provide any authoritative or official legal interpretation.

While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, UNCTAD assumes no responsibility for eventual errors or omissions in the mapping data. In the event of doubt regarding the correctness of mapping results, users are kindly asked to contact us via the online contact form.