Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator

Concluded original arbitration proceedings:

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ISDS data set in excel format (as of 31 December 2023)

ISDS Navigator

The UNCTAD Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator – the ISDS Navigator – is maintained by UNCTAD’s IIA Section. The ISDS Navigator contains information about known international arbitration cases initiated by investors against States pursuant to international investment agreements (IIAs). Such arbitrations are also referred to as treaty-based investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) cases.

Please cite as: UNCTAD, Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator, available at https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement

UNCTAD's Work Programme on International Investment Agreements (IIAs) actively assists policymakers, government officials and other IIA stakeholders to reform IIAs with a view to making them more conducive to sustainable development and inclusive growth.

International investment rulemaking is taking place at the bilateral, regional, interregional and multilateral levels. It requires policymakers, negotiators, civil society and other stakeholders to be well informed about foreign direct investment, international investment agreements (IIAs) and their impact on sustainable development.

Main goals of UNCTAD’s Work Programme on IIAs

• Reform the international investment agreements (IIAs) regime to enhance its sustainable development dimension,

• Provide comprehensive analysis on key issues arising from the complexity of the international investment regime,

• Develop a wide range of tools to support the formulation of more balanced international investment policies.

The three pillars of activities

• Research and policy analysis: monitoring trends, identifying key emerging issues and providing cutting-edge knowledge on IIAs from a sustainable development perspective,

• Technical assistance: delivering trainings, seminars and workshops; conducting IIA and model BIT reviews; offering ad-hoc advice to strengthen the capacity of beneficiaries in handling the complexities of the IIA regime,

• Intergovernmental consensus-building: exchanging and sharing best practices and experience with the view to fostering global investment governance.

For further information, please contact us via the online contact form.
Methodology

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Disclaimer

The ISDS Navigator includes information about publicly known IIA-based international investor-State arbitration proceedings. As some proceedings (or certain aspects of proceedings) remain confidential, the information contained in the Navigator cannot be deemed exhaustive.

While every effort is made to keep the information up to date and complete, the material is provided without any guarantees or warranties as to its accuracy or completeness. UNCTAD assumes no responsibility for eventual errors or omissions in these data.

We welcome any additional information or clarifications on specific cases as well as suggestions to improve the Navigator. Please contact us using the online contact form.

Cases included in the Navigator

• an international arbitration between an investor and a State;

• fully or partially based on an IIA, such as a bilateral investment treaty or the investment chapter of a free trade agreement (not included are investor-State disputes that are solely based on contracts or on domestic investment legislation);

• submitted to arbitration through a notice of arbitration or a request for arbitration, and upon registration of such request if applicable (not included are cases where a disputing party has only notified the other party of the existence of a dispute or signalled its intention to submit a claim, but has not yet commenced the arbitration).

Sources of information and frequency of updating

The information included in the Navigator is collected from publicly available sources. Primary sources (i.e. official documents relating to the case and information provided by the administering institutions) are the main and preferred source of information. Secondary sources, such as specialized reporting services and other sources deemed reliable, are used to supplement primary sources and/or obtain case information otherwise unavailable.
The Navigator is updated on a regular, typically biannual, basis. The date of the last update is displayed on the Navigator’s home page.

Methodological notes for the recording of data

Full case name
The full case name is recorded as it appears in the official case documents and as it is registered at the administering institution if applicable (listing the claimants in alphabetical order). If there are more than five claimants in the case, the names of all claimants can be replaced by the name of the first three claimants followed by the words “and others”.

Short case name
The short case name is ascribed by UNCTAD. Typically it is the first word of a corporate claimant’s name, an abbreviation of the corporate claimant’s name, or the last name of a natural-person claimant “v.” the short version of the respondent State’s name.

If the Navigator includes more than one case with the exact same name, then “(I)” is added to the case name of the earlier case, and a “(II)”, “(III)”, etc. is added to the name of each subsequent case.

Year of initiation
This is the year in which the notice of arbitration / request for arbitration was submitted by the claimant. For arbitrations brought under the ICSID Convention Arbitration Rules or ICSID Additional Facilities (AF) Rules, the year in which the claim was registered by ICSID is used.

Applicable IIA
This is the IIA(s) pursuant to which the claimant initiated the arbitral proceedings.

Arbitral rules
These are the arbitral rules in accordance with which the proceedings are conducted. Proceedings that are not subject to any existing set of arbitral rules, i.e. where the arbitral tribunal determines procedural rules, are marked “None (ad hoc)”.

Administering institution
This is the institution that provides administrative support for the arbitral proceedings. When the proceedings are subject to arbitral rules of a certain arbitral institution (e.g. SCC or ICC), the relevant institution administers that case. In ad hoc arbitrations or those that are subject to non-institutional arbitral rules (e.g. UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules), the parties may request any arbitral institution to administer their case (e.g. PCA). Proceedings may also be conducted without being administered by any institution.

Common abbreviations for administering institutions:

• CRCICA: Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration
• ICC: International Chamber of Commerce (International Court of Arbitration)
• ICSID: International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
• LCIA: London Court of International Arbitration
• MCCI: Moscow Chamber of Commerce and Industry
• PCA: Permanent Court of Arbitration
• SCC: Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (Arbitration Institute)

Details of investment and summary of the dispute
The details of investment are presented as argued by the claimant, unless otherwise expressly identified by an arbitral tribunal in its decisions or awards.

The summary of the dispute describes in very general terms the conduct allegedly in breach of IIA obligations as argued by the claimant (non-exhaustive).

Economic sector and subsector
This refers to the economic sector to which the investment at issue allegedly belongs. The structure of economic activities follows the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Rev.4 (UN ISIC Rev.4).

Status/Outcome of original proceedings
This refers to the current status of the original arbitration proceedings.

• Decided in favour of State: the tribunal dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction or found that the respondent State has not committed any breach of the applicable IIA.

• Decided in favour of investor: the tribunal found that the respondent State committed one or more breaches of the applicable IIA and awarded monetary compensation or non-pecuniary relief to the claimant investor.

• Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded): the arbitral tribunal found that the respondent State committed one or more breaches of the applicable IIA but did not award monetary compensation or non-pecuniary relief to the claimant investor.

• Settled: the disputing parties settled the case and the arbitral proceedings were discontinued for that reason.

• Discontinued: the arbitration was discontinued for any reason other than due to a (known) settlement. This includes discontinuance as a result of non-payment of arbitration fees, in order to pursue litigation in another forum, or for any other reason (including for unknown reasons).

• Pending: the arbitration proceedings are pending. A case remains pending if any of the following elements remain to be decided: jurisdiction, liability (merits), compensation. The case remains pending, for instance, if a State is found to have breached one or more IIA obligations (liability) but no award on damages has been issued yet.

Additional notes:

• The Navigator only records treaty-based disputes or treaty-based aspects of "mixed" disputes. In treaty-based cases that are simultaneously contract-based or based on national investment law ("mixed" disputes), a case is deemed concluded (for purposes of the Navigator) if the tribunal dismissed the case on jurisdiction or finds no breach of the IIA, even if it proceeds to adjudicate the contract- or statutory-based claims.

• Cases in which a final award has been rendered but which are later subject to follow-on (post-award) proceedings (e.g. ICSID annulment proceedings or domestic judicial review), are marked according to the outcome of the original arbitral proceeding (i.e. not as “Pending”).

Arbitral decisions rendered
These are decisions rendered by an arbitral tribunal. Included are those decisions that concern the substance of the case and affect the final outcome. In particular, these include decisions (awards) on jurisdictional issues, liability (merits) and damages, including arbitrators’ individual opinions where these were issued. Discontinuance orders and settlement agreements are also recorded if such information is available.

Not included are any other (supplementary) arbitral decisions, e.g. concerning provisional measures or decisions regarding requests for disqualification of arbitrators. Similarly, procedural orders issued by arbitral tribunals are not included. To access a full list of documentation available with respect to a case, users are invited to use (i) the link to the case page on http://italaw.com, and/or (ii) links to the websites of governments and/or arbitral institutions provided in the “Additional information” section.

Amounts claimed and awarded
Amount claimed refers to the amount of monetary compensation claimed by the investor, not including interest, legal costs or costs of arbitration.

Amount awarded refers to the amount of monetary compensation awarded by the arbitral tribunal to the claimant, not including interest, legal costs or costs of arbitration.

For proceedings that end in a settlement, the amount of compensation that the State agreed to pay to the claimant under the terms of settlement (if known) is recorded in this section.

Amounts are recorded in the currency used by the claimant/tribunal. The list of currencies in the Navigator follows the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4217 code list.

To enable comparisons between cases, all amounts are also converted to US dollars. For the purposes of such conversion, the OANDA Historical Currency Converter is being used; the date of conversion is the date of the document or other source from which the information was obtained (e.g. the date in which the request for arbitration containing this amount was submitted or the date of the final award).

Whenever possible, information about amounts claimed and awarded is obtained from primary sources such as the arbitration documents. Otherwise, it is derived from other publicly available sources that are deemed reliable. In some cases, the approximate amount may be recorded to give a broad indication of the dispute’s magnitude. As a general rule, a rounded figure (to the nearest hundred thousand) of the amount claimed or awarded is provided.

If the claimant provides more than one valuation of damages claimed, the highest of these amounts is recorded.

IIA breaches alleged and found
Information about breaches alleged is primarily derived from the claimant’s request of arbitration, claimant’s memorials and/or arbitral decisions. When the relevant case documentation is not publicly available, information about breaches alleged may be obtained from other public sources that are deemed reliable.

Information about breaches found is primarily derived from the arbitral decisions. When the relevant decision is not publicly available, information about breaches found may be obtained from other public sources that are deemed reliable.

Claims concerning expropriation are classified as “direct” or “indirect” according to the characterisation made by the claimant and/or the tribunal. Whenever a claimant or the tribunal refer to “expropriation”, without distinguishing between “direct” or “indirect”, such distinction is made on the basis of the factual background of the case and the context of the claimant’s claims and tribunal’s findings.

Composition of tribunal
These are individuals who serve as members of the arbitral tribunal adjudicating the dispute (arbitrators).

The disputing party (i.e. claimant or respondent) that appointed a particular arbitrator is also recorded insofar as information is available. Instances where the respondent failed to appoint an arbitrator, and the latter was appointed by an “appointing authority”, are not recorded separately (i.e. both types of appointment are recorded under “Appointed by / designated to Respondent” without further distinction).

In case an arbitrator has been replaced by another individual (e.g. as a result of resignation, disqualification or passing away), the names of both the previous and subsequent arbitrator are recorded.

Follow-on (post-award) proceedings
Follow-on (post-award) proceedings include three types of legal proceedings:

• ICSID annulment proceedings;

• Judicial review by national courts (set-aside proceedings); and

• ICSID resubmission proceedings.

Initiation of a follow-on proceeding by either disputing party does not affect the field “Case Status/Outcome” of the original proceeding, until the follow-on proceeding is completed. For example, in a case where a final award has been rendered but it is later subject to a follow-on proceeding (e.g. ICSID annulment proceeding), the status of the case is marked according to the outcome of the original arbitral proceeding (i.e. not as “Pending”).

Decisions, judgments and/or awards rendered in the course of follow-on (post-award) proceedings, as well as any individual opinions appended to them, are recorded.

The composition of the ICSID ad hoc committees that adjudicate requests for annulment under the ICSID Convention is recorded.

Link to Italaw’s case page
The Italaw.com portal offers a wide collection of case documentation for many investor-State disputes. It makes available not only the main arbitral decisions, but also procedural orders, parties’ submissions, expert opinions and other types of documents.

A link to the relevant case page at http://italaw.com is provided where such page is available, so that users could browse all documents relating to the case at hand.

Additional information
This section provides links to sources of information used for gathering data for the case at hand or otherwise relevant to that case. These may include links to websites of arbitral/administering institutions, governments, international organisations, specialised reporting services (including subscription-based), media and other resources.

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NO.	Year of initiation	Short case name	Full case name	Applicable IIA	Arbitral rules	Administering institution	Summary	Details of investment	Outcome of original proceedings	Respondent State	Home State of investor	Economic sector	Economic subsector	Arbitrators	Amount claimed	Amount awarded (or settled for)	Breaches alleged	Breaches found	Decisions	Individual opinions	Follow-on proceeding type	Follow-on proceeding status	Follow-on decisions	Follow-on individual opinions	ICSID annulment committee members
1	2022	Von Würden Petersen v. Tanzania	Finn Von Würden Petersen v. The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania (PCA Case No. 2023-11)	Denmark - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (1999)	UNCITRAL	PCA	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	Tanzania, United Republic of	Denmark	Primary: A - Agriculture, forestry and fishing	1 - Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities	Levine, J. - Sole arbitrator	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
2	2021	Bahgat v. Egypt (II)	Mohamed Abdel Raouf Bahgat v. The Arab Republic of Egypt (II)	Egypt - Finland BIT (2004)	UNCITRAL	Data not available	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	Egypt	Finland	Primary: B - Mining and quarrying Secondary: C - Manufacturing	7 - Mining of metal ores 24 - Manufacture of basic metals	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
3	2021	Qiong Ye and Jianping Yang v. Cambodia	Qiong Ye and Jianping Yang v. Kingdom of Cambodia (ICSID Case No. ARB/21/42)	ASEAN - China Investment Agreement (2009)	ICSID	ICSID	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	Cambodia	China	Tertiary: J - Information and communication	61 - Telecommunications	Heiskanen, V. - President Bull, C. - Claimant Harris, C. - Respondent	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Award dated 31 March 2025	Partially Dissenting Opinion by Christopher Harris	None	None	None	None	None
4	2021	Stucky and Bernard v. Jordan	Stucky Ltd and Bernard Gruppe ZT GmbH v. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (PCA Case No. 2022-08)	Austria - Jordan BIT (2001) Jordan - Switzerland BIT (2001)	UNCITRAL	PCA	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	Jordan	Austria Switzerland	Tertiary: F - Construction	42 - Civil engineering	Greenwood, C. - President Schill, S. - Claimant Slim, H. - Respondent	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
5	2020	Akfel and I-Systems v. Turkey	Akfel Commodities Pte. Ltd. and I-Systems Global B.V. v. Republic of Turkey (ICSID Case No. ARB/20/36)	Netherlands - Turkey BIT (1986) Singapore - Turkey BIT (2008)	ICSID	ICSID	Investment: Investments in Akfel Group, a gas and power company, through a shareholding of 100% in Akfel Holding and of 50% in Akpol and ISystems Global B.V. (I-Systems Global), a company incorporated in Holland. Summary:	Investments in Akfel Group, a gas and power company, through a shareholding of 100% in Akfel Holding and of 50% in Akpol and ISystems Global B.V. (I-Systems Global), a company incorporated in Holland.	Data not available	Türkiye	Netherlands Singapore	Tertiary: D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	35 - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	Garibaldi, O. M. - Claimant Stern, B. - Respondent Reinisch, A. - President	1200.00 mln USD	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Award dated 23 July 2025	Dissenting Opinion of Brigitte Stern Separate Statement of Oscar M. Garibaldi	ICSID annulment proceedings	Pending (ICSID annulment proceedings)	None	None	Shin, H.-T. - President Adekoya, O. - Member Potestà, M. - Member
6	2020	Qatar Airways v. Bahrain	Qatar Airways Group Q.C.S.C. v. Kingdom of Bahrain	Arab Investment Agreement (1980) OIC Investment Agreement (1981)	Data not available	Data not available	Investment: Licences and permits to conduct air transport activities. Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged actions to block the operation of Qatar Airways in the country, including the closure of airspace to the claimant and the revocation of the claimant’s licences to operate.	Licences and permits to conduct air transport activities.	Data not available	Bahrain	Qatar	Tertiary: H - Transportation and storage	51 - Air transport	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
7	2020	Qatar Airways v. Egypt	Qatar Airways Group Q.C.S.C. v. Arab Republic of Egypt	Egypt - Qatar BIT (1999) Arab Investment Agreement (1980) OIC Investment Agreement (1981)	Data not available	Data not available	Investment: Licences and permits to conduct air transport activities. Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged actions to block the operation of Qatar Airways in the country, including the closure of airspace to the claimant and the revocation of the claimant’s licences to operate.	Licences and permits to conduct air transport activities.	Data not available	Egypt	Qatar	Tertiary: H - Transportation and storage	51 - Air transport	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
8	2020	Qatar Airways v. Saudi Arabia	Qatar Airways Group Q.C.S.C. v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	Arab Investment Agreement (1980) OIC Investment Agreement (1981)	Data not available	Data not available	Investment: Licences and permits to conduct air transport activities. Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged actions to block the operation of Qatar Airways in the country, including the closure of airspace to the claimant and the revocation of the claimant’s licences to operate.	Licences and permits to conduct air transport activities.	Data not available	Saudi Arabia	Qatar	Tertiary: H - Transportation and storage	51 - Air transport	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
9	2020	Qatar Airways v. United Arab Emirates	Qatar Airways Group Q.C.S.C. v. United Arab Emirates	Arab Investment Agreement (1980) OIC Investment Agreement (1981)	Data not available	Data not available	Investment: Licences and permits to conduct air transport activities. Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged actions to block the operation of Qatar Airways in the country, including the closure of airspace to the claimant and the revocation of the claimant’s licences to operate.	Licences and permits to conduct air transport activities.	Data not available	United Arab Emirates	Qatar	Tertiary: H - Transportation and storage	51 - Air transport	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
10	2018	Arkadia v. Tanzania	Arkadia Ltd. v. United Republic of Tanzania (PCA Case No. 2018-52)	Italy - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (2001)	UNCITRAL	PCA	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	Tanzania, United Republic of	Italy	Secondary: C - Manufacturing	20 - Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products	Hanotiau, B. - President Mourre, A. - Claimant Mihayo, T. - Respondent	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
11	2018	Baig v. Viet Nam	Shin Dong Baig v. Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/18/2)	Korea, Republic of - Viet Nam BIT (1993)	ICSID AF	ICSID	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	Viet Nam	Korea, Republic of	Tertiary: L - Real estate activities	68 - Real estate activities	Gill, J. - President Reichert, K. - Claimant van den Berg, A. J. - Respondent	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Award dated 29 October 2020	None	None	None	None	None	None
12	2018	Iconia v. Georgia	Iconia Capital LLC v. Georgia	Georgia - United States BIT (1994)	UNCITRAL	Data not available	Investment: Investments in a 2,405 m2 land plot for a real estate development project in the Vake-Saburtalo district of Tbilisi, Georgia. Summary: Claims arising out of alleged measures by Georgian courts and government officials to delay and halt the claimant’s project to construct a commercial-residential apartment complex in the city center of Tbilisi. Allegedly, this included attempts by local opposition to take over the claimant’s land plot, harassment of the claimant’s employees and a refusal to issue construction permits.	Investments in a 2,405 m2 land plot for a real estate development project in the Vake-Saburtalo district of Tbilisi, Georgia.	Data not available	Georgia	United States of America	Tertiary: L - Real estate activities	68 - Real estate activities	Data not available	10.00 mln USD	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
13	2018	KLS Energy v. Sri Lanka	KLS Energy Lanka Sdn. Bhd. v. Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ICSID Case No. ARB/18/39)	Malaysia - Sri Lanka BIT (1982)	ICSID	ICSID	Investment: Investments in a renewable energy project. Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s cancellation of a wind and solar hybrid power plant project in which the claimant had invested.	Investments in a renewable energy project.	Data not available	Sri Lanka	Malaysia	Tertiary: D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	35 - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	Baizeau, D. - President Smouha, J. - Claimant Thomas, J. C. - Respondent	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Award dated 12 January 2024	None	None	None	None	None	None
14	2017	BM Mühendislik v. United Arab Emirates	BM Mühendislik ve İnşaat A.Ş. v. United Arab Emirates (ICSID Case No. ARB/17/20)	Turkey - United Arab Emirates BIT (2005)	ICSID	ICSID	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	United Arab Emirates	Türkiye	Tertiary: F - Construction	42 - Civil engineering	Fortier, L. Y. - President Brower, C. N. - Claimant Douglas, Z. - Respondent	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Award dated 23 December 2022	Concurring and Dissenting Opinion by Charles N. Brower	None	None	None	None	None
15	2017	Mera Investment v. Serbia	Mera Investment Fund Limited v. Republic of Serbia (ICSID Case No. ARB/17/2)	Cyprus - Serbia BIT (2005)	ICSID	ICSID	Investment: Ownership of a locally-incorporated investment fund, Mera Invest d.o.o, holding shares in a construction company in Southeastern Serbia and local banks. Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged harmful measures against Mera Invest, the claimant’s local subsidiary, including the freezing of its assets, fabrication of tax claims, blocking of its bank accounts and accounts of related entities.	Ownership of a locally-incorporated investment fund, Mera Invest d.o.o, holding shares in a construction company in Southeastern Serbia and local banks.	Data not available	Serbia	Cyprus	Tertiary: K - Financial and insurance activities	64 - Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding	von Segesser, G. - President Fortier, L. Y. - Claimant Cremades, B. M. - Respondent	Data not available	Data not available	Indirect expropriation Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Full protection and security, or similar Other	Data not available	Decision on Jurisdiction dated 30 November 2018 Award dated 10 March 2021	Dissenting Opinion by Bernardo M. Cremades	ICSID annulment proceedings	Unknown (ICSID annulment proceedings)	Decision on Annulment dated 24 April 2023 (ICSID annulment proceedings)	None	Nolan, M. D. - President van Haersolte-Van Hof, J. J. - Member Muigai, G. - Member
16	2017	Puma Energy v. Benin	Puma Energy Holdings SARL v. the Republic of Benin	BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Benin BIT (2001)	SCC	SCC	Investment: Investments in a fuels terminal acquired by local subsidiary Puma Benin. Summary: Claims arising out of the decision of an appeals court in Benin that nullified Puma Benin’s purchase of a fuels terminal in Cotonou and ordered the claimant’s local subsidiary to pay approx. US$15 million in damages to a minority shareholder in the divesting company Benin Petroleum Services, as well as Benin’s alleged failure to comply with an emergency order rendered under the SCC Rules to prevent enforcement of the court decision.	Investments in a fuels terminal acquired by local subsidiary Puma Benin.	Data not available	Benin	Luxembourg	Tertiary: H - Transportation and storage	49 - Land transport and transport via pipelines	Kettani, A. - President Sullivan, J. M. - Claimant Youssef, K. A. - Respondent	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None	None	None
17	2017	Surfeit v. China (Taiwan)	Surfeit Harvest Investment Holding Pte Ltd v. Republic of China (Taiwan)	Singapore - Taiwan Province of China EPA (2013)	UNCITRAL	PCA	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	China	Singapore	Tertiary: K - Financial and insurance activities	64 - Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None
18	2017	Üstay v. Libya	Üstay Yapi Taahüt Ve Ticaret AS v. Libya (ICC Case No. 22673/ZF/AYZ)	Libya - Turkey BIT (2009)	ICC	ICC	Investment: Summary:		Data not available	Libya	Türkiye	Tertiary: F - Construction	42 - Civil engineering	Brower, C. N. - Claimant Vinuesa, R. E. - Respondent Cheng, T. - President (replaced) Thambiayah, A. J. - President	61.00 mln USD	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Decision on Jurisdiction dated 2020 Final Award dated March 2024	None	Judicial review by national courts	Award/decision upheld (Judicial review by national courts)	Decision of the Paris Court of Appeal dated 23 January 2024 (French) (Judicial review by national courts)	None	None
19	2016	Attila Doğan v. Oman	Attila Doğan Construction & Installation Co. Inc. v. Sultanate of Oman (ICSID Case No. ARB/16/7)	Oman - Turkey BIT (2007)	ICSID	ICSID	Investment: Engineering and construction concession contract for an oil and gas project with the State-owned company Petroleum Development of Oman LLC. Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged frustration of investments related to an engineering and construction contract concluded by the claimant with Petroleum Development of Oman, a majority State-owned company, after winning the tender. According to the claimant, authorities delayed or prevented the entry of its qualified foreign personnel into Oman and required the claimant to hire additional Omani nationals from a local construction company. Petroleum Development of Oman later redistributed 60 per cent of the contract work to the previous local contract-holder and eventually terminated the contract in favour of the latter and other contractors.	Engineering and construction concession contract for an oil and gas project with the State-owned company Petroleum Development of Oman LLC.	Data not available	Oman	Türkiye	Tertiary: F - Construction	42 - Civil engineering	Beechey, J. - President de Boisséson, M. - Claimant Landau, T. - Respondent	182.80 mln USD	Data not available	Direct expropriation Indirect expropriation Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Full protection and security, or similar National treatment	Data not available	Award dated 1 February 2021	Dissenting Opinion by Matthieu de Boisséson	ICSID annulment proceedings	Discontinued (ICSID annulment proceedings)	Order taking note of the discontinuance of the proceeding dated 18 September 2024 (ICSID annulment proceedings)	None	Reinisch, A. - President Sepúlveda Amor, B. - Member Cooper-Rousseau, B. - Member
20	2016	Cosigo Resources and others v. Colombia	Cosigo Resources, Ltd., Cosigo Resources Sucursal Colombia, Tobie Mining and Energy, Inc. v. Republic of Colombia	Colombia - United States TPA (2006)	UNCITRAL	Data not available	Investment: Interests in the gold mining concession for the Taraira South mining site in south-eastern Colombia. Summary: Claims arising out of a 2009 resolution that established the Yaigojé Apaporis national park and that was allegedly passed with significant procedural flaws. The establishment of the national park entailed the cessation of the mining activities at a gold ore deposit, for which the claimants signed an exploration and exploitation concession.	Interests in the gold mining concession for the Taraira South mining site in south-eastern Colombia.	Data not available	Colombia	United States of America	Primary: B - Mining and quarrying	7 - Mining of metal ores	Coleman, B. D. - Claimant Name not available - President Stern, B. - Respondent	16511.00 mln USD	Data not available	Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Direct expropriation	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None	None	None
21	2016	D.S. Construction v. Libya	D.S. Construction FZCO v. Libya (PCA Case No. 2017-21)	OIC Investment Agreement (1981)	UNCITRAL	PCA	Investment: Contracts for 19 construction projects in Libya. Summary: Claims arising out of the State’s acts and omissions prior to, during and after the revolution in Libya, which allegedly caused damages to the claimant’s investment.	Contracts for 19 construction projects in Libya.	Data not available	Libya	United Arab Emirates	Tertiary: F - Construction	41 - Construction of buildings	Simma, B. - President Alexandrov, S. A. - Claimant Ziadé, N. - Respondent	525.00 mln USD	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Partial Award dated 15 February 2018	None	Judicial review by national courts	Award/decision set aside in its entirety (Judicial review by national courts)	Judgment of the Paris Court of Appeal dated 23 March 2021 (French) (Judicial review by national courts) Order of the French Court of Cassation dated 21 April 2022 (Judicial review by national courts)	None	None
22	2016	Gold Pool v. Kazakhstan	Gold Pool Limited Partnership v. Republic of Kazakhstan (PCA Case No. 2016-23)	Canada - Russian Federation BIT (1989)	UNCITRAL	PCA	Investment: Management contract rights to operate certain gold mines in Kazakhstan. Summary: Claims arising out of the allegedly wrongful termination in 1997 of the claimant’s management contract rights to operate certain gold mines in Kazakhstan.	Management contract rights to operate certain gold mines in Kazakhstan.	Data not available	Kazakhstan	Canada	Primary: B - Mining and quarrying	7 - Mining of metal ores	Williams, D. A. R. - Claimant (replaced) Bottini, G. - Respondent (replaced) van den Berg, A. J. - President (replaced) Unterhalter, D. - President Johnson, O. T. - Claimant Pinto, M. - Respondent	917.00 mln USD	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Award dated 30 July 2020 Award dated 8 August 2025 (Resubmission proceeding)	None	Judicial review by national courts	Award/decision set aside in its entirety (Judicial review by national courts)	Judgment of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales dated 15 December 2021 (Judicial review by national courts)	None	None
23	2016	Rafikovich Amalyan v. Russia	Artashes Rafikovich Amalyan v. Russian Federation	Greece - Russian Federation BIT (1993)	UNCITRAL	Data not available	Investment: Capital loans to the Agency of Reconstruction and Development LLC (ARR) made through Financial and Industrial Corporation SAN LLC in which the claimant acquired a 50% stake. Summary: Claims arising out of several State organs’ alleged acts relating to a shorefront development project in which the claimant had invested, including refused registration of property rights on ARR for a 29-hectare land plot it had developed at the Voronezh river reservoir, allegedly resulting in ARR’s bankruptcy, and registration of the land in the City Administration’s favour. Based on an agreement with the City Administration, ARR had undertaken hydraulic filling works on the reservoir to create the land plot, and it had been allegedly promised ownership of the land for its ultimate development into a commercial and residential district.	Capital loans to the Agency of Reconstruction and Development LLC (ARR) made through Financial and Industrial Corporation SAN LLC in which the claimant acquired a 50% stake.	Data not available	Russian Federation	Greece	Tertiary: F - Construction	42 - Civil engineering	Data not available	3500.00 mln RUB (45.00 mln USD)	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	None	None	None	None	None	None	None
24	2016	Tatarstan v. Ukraine	Ministry of Land and Property of the Republic of Tatarstan v. Ukraine (PCA Case No. 2016-15)	Russian Federation - Ukraine BIT (1998)	UNCITRAL	PCA	Investment: 28.78% shareholding in the Ukrainian company PJSC “Ukrtatnafta” (owner of the Kremenchug oil refinery in the Poltava region). Summary: Claims arising out of the alleged taking of the claimant’s shares in the Ukrainian oil refinery “Ukrtatnafta” as a result of several allegedly illegal decisions of the Ukrainian courts rendered in 2007 and thereafter.	28.78% shareholding in the Ukrainian company PJSC “Ukrtatnafta” (owner of the Kremenchug oil refinery in the Poltava region).	Data not available	Ukraine	Russian Federation	Primary: B - Mining and quarrying	6 - Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas	Reed, L. - President Böckstiegel, K.-H. - Claimant (replaced) Sands, P. - Respondent Beechey, J. - Claimant	300.00 mln USD	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Decision on Jurisdiction dated 9 December 2019 Final Award dated 24 March 2023	None	Judicial review by national courts	Pending (Judicial review by national courts)	None	None	None
25	2015	KS and TLS Invest v. Spain	KS Invest GmbH and TLS Invest GmbH v. Kingdom of Spain (ICSID Case No. ARB/15/25)	The Energy Charter Treaty (1994)	ICSID	ICSID	Investment: Investments in a renewable energy generation enterprise. Summary: Claims arising out of a series of energy reforms undertaken by the Government affecting the renewables sector, including a 7 per cent tax on power generators’ revenues and a reduction in subsidies for renewable energy producers.	Investments in a renewable energy generation enterprise.	Data not available	Spain	Germany	Tertiary: D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	35 - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	Simma, B. - President Bethlehem, D. - Respondent Born, G. B. - Claimant (replaced) Hobér, K. - Claimant	80.00 mln EUR (92.20 mln USD)	Data not available	Data not available	Data not available	Decision on Jurisdiction, Liability, and Principles of Quantum dated 20 December 2022 Final Award dated 28 March 2025	None	ICSID annulment proceedings	Pending (ICSID annulment proceedings)	None	None	Potestà, M. - President Cicchetti, T. M. - Member Slipachuk, T. - Member

No results found

No.	Name	Cases as Respondent State	Cases as Home State of claimant
1	Albania	14	1
2	Algeria	15	2
3	Angola	2	0
4	Argentina	65	6
5	Armenia	8	1
6	Australia	6	14
7	Austria	1	33
8	Azerbaijan	7	1
9	Bahamas	0	2
10	Bahrain	4	1
11	Bangladesh	2	0
12	Barbados	1	9
13	Belarus	5	2
14	Belgium	5	22
15	Belize	4	0
16	Benin	1	0
17	Bermuda	0	1
18	Bolivia, Plurinational State of	19	1
19	Bosnia and Herzegovina	5	0
20	British Virgin Islands	0	1
21	Bulgaria	13	3
22	Burkina Faso	1	0
23	Burundi	4	0
24	Cabo Verde	1	0
25	Cambodia	1	0
26	Cameroon	3	0
27	Canada	36	80
28	Chile	9	10
29	China	9	20
30	Colombia	29	5
31	Comoros	1	0
32	Congo	3	0
33	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	4	0
34	Costa Rica	16	2
35	Croatia	20	3
36	Cuba	1	0
37	Cyprus	6	39
38	Czechia	43	8
39	Denmark	2	9
40	Dominican Republic	11	2
41	Ecuador	32	0
42	Egypt	48	7
43	El Salvador	5	1
44	Equatorial Guinea	2	0
45	Estonia	5	3
46	Ethiopia	6	0
47	European Union	2	0
48	Finland	3	3
49	France	4	69
50	Gabon	3	0
51	Gambia	2	0
52	Georgia	18	1
53	Germany	7	90
54	Ghana	4	0
55	Gibraltar	0	2
56	Greece	5	16
57	Grenada	2	0
58	Guatemala	9	2
59	Guinea	1	0
60	Guyana	1	0
61	Honduras	12	0
62	Hong Kong, China SAR	0	2
63	Hungary	18	4
64	India	30	12
65	Indonesia	7	1
66	Iran, Islamic Republic of	1	6
67	Iraq	6	0
68	Ireland	0	2
69	Israel	0	10
70	Italy	15	53
71	Jamaica	0	1
72	Japan	1	6
73	Jordan	10	10
74	Kazakhstan	22	7
75	Kenya	2	1
76	Korea, Republic of	10	9
77	Kuwait	7	9
78	Kyrgyzstan	18	1
79	Lao People's Democratic Republic	4	0
80	Latvia	10	5
81	Lebanon	6	7
82	Lesotho	2	0
83	Libya	23	2
84	Liechtenstein	0	1
85	Lithuania	9	8
86	Luxembourg	1	48
87	Macao, China SAR	0	1
88	Madagascar	4	0
89	Malaysia	4	10
90	Malta	1	5
91	Mauritius	4	18
92	Mexico	61	7
93	Moldova, Republic of	14	1
94	Mongolia	6	0
95	Montenegro	7	0
96	Morocco	10	0
97	Mozambique	5	0
98	Myanmar	3	0
99	Nepal	1	0
100	Netherlands	4	138
101	Nicaragua	3	0
102	Nigeria	5	0
103	North Macedonia	11	0
104	Norway	3	6
105	Oman	4	2
106	Pakistan	13	0
107	Panama	27	12
108	Papua New Guinea	1	0
109	Paraguay	4	0
110	Peru	36	5
111	Philippines	8	1
112	Poland	41	8
113	Portugal	1	10
114	Qatar	3	9
115	Romania	27	1
116	Russian Federation	34	28
117	Rwanda	2	0
118	Saudi Arabia	11	8
119	Senegal	7	0
120	Serbia	16	0
121	Seychelles	0	2
122	Sierra Leone	1	0
123	Singapore	0	17
124	Slovakia	14	1
125	Slovenia	6	3
126	South Africa	1	3
127	Spain	58	82
128	Sri Lanka	5	0
129	Sudan	2	0
130	Sweden	1	15
131	Switzerland	1	56
132	Syrian Arab Republic	2	0
133	Tajikistan	2	0
134	Tanzania, United Republic of	15	0
135	Thailand	2	0
136	Trinidad and Tobago	3	0
137	Tunisia	4	2
138	Türkiye	19	51
139	Turkmenistan	18	0
140	Uganda	1	0
141	Ukraine	38	19
142	United Arab Emirates	7	17
143	United Kingdom	2	129
144	United States of America	25	240
145	Uruguay	9	1
146	Uzbekistan	10	1
147	Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	67	4
148	Viet Nam	13	0
149	Yemen	3	0
150	Zimbabwe	3	0

No results found

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