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BITs

  • Argentina - United States of America BIT (1991) (22)
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  • Austria - Croatia BIT (1997) (7)
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  • Kazakhstan - United States of America BIT (1992) (7)
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  • Peru - Spain BIT (1994) (6)
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  • Georgia - United States of America BIT (1994) (6)
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  • Egypt - United States of America BIT (1986) (6)
  • Egypt - Kuwait BIT (2001) (5)
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  • Cyprus - Greece BIT (1992) (5)
  • Colombia - Spain BIT (2005) (5)
  • Argentina - United Kingdom BIT (1990) (5)
  • Armenia - United States of America BIT (1992) (5)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - United Kingdom BIT (1988) (5)
  • Germany - Poland BIT (1989) (5)
  • Kazakhstan - Kyrgyzstan BIT (1997) (5)
  • United Republic of Tanzania - United Kingdom BIT (1994) (5)
  • Netherlands - Poland BIT (1992) (5)
  • Netherlands - Slovakia BIT (1991) (5)
  • Netherlands - Turkey BIT (1986) (5)
  • Netherlands - Ukraine BIT (1994) (4)
  • Pakistan - Turkey BIT (1995) (4)
  • Panama - Spain BIT (1997) (4)
  • Romania - United States of America BIT (1992) (4)
  • Turkey - Uzbekistan BIT (1992) (4)
  • Kazakhstan - Turkey BIT (1992) (4)
  • Hungary - United Kingdom BIT (1987) (4)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1998) (4)
  • Belize - United Kingdom BIT (1982) (4)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Spain BIT (2001) (4)
  • Canada - Ecuador BIT (1996) (4)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Burundi BIT (1989) (4)
  • Argentina - Germany BIT (1991) (4)
  • Albania - Greece BIT (1991) (4)
  • Colombia - Switzerland BIT (2006) (4)
  • Colombia - United Kingdom BIT (2010) (4)
  • Argentina - Chile BIT (1991) (4)
  • Congo, Democratic Republic of the - United States of America BIT (1984) (4)
  • Cyprus - Czech Republic BIT (2001) (4)
  • Cyprus - Poland BIT (1992) (4)
  • Czech Republic - Switzerland BIT (1990) (4)
  • France - Mexico BIT (1998) (4)
  • France - Peru BIT (1993) (4)
  • Georgia - Netherlands BIT (1998) (4)
  • Egypt - Italy BIT (1989) (4)
  • Ecuador - Spain BIT (1996) (4)
  • Egypt - United Arab Emirates BIT (1997) (3)
  • Estonia - United States of America BIT (1994) (3)
  • Egypt - Jordan BIT (1996) (3)
  • Egypt - France BIT (1974) (3)
  • Egypt - Germany BIT (2005) (3)
  • France - Poland BIT (1989) (3)
  • France - Hungary BIT (1986) (3)
  • France - India BIT (1997) (3)
  • Cyprus - Serbia BIT (2005) (3)
  • Croatia - Netherlands BIT (1998) (3)
  • Costa Rica - Germany BIT (1994) (3)
  • Canada - Russian Federation BIT (1989) (3)
  • Albania - Italy BIT (1991) (3)
  • Algeria - Egypt BIT (1997) (3)
  • Algeria - Italy BIT (1991) (3)
  • Argentina - BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) BIT (1990) (3)
  • Canada - Egypt BIT (1996) (3)
  • Canada - Costa Rica BIT (1998) (3)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Ukraine BIT (1996) (3)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Netherlands BIT (1992) (3)
  • Chile - Spain BIT (1991) (3)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - United States of America BIT (1998) (3)
  • Germany - Russian Federation BIT (1989) (3)
  • Greece - Serbia BIT (1997) (3)
  • India - Netherlands BIT (1995) (3)
  • Italy - Morocco BIT (1990) (3)
  • Italy - Panama BIT (2009) (3)
  • Kyrgyzstan - United States of America BIT (1993) (3)
  • Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of - Netherlands BIT (1998) (3)
  • Lithuania - Russian Federation BIT (1999) (3)
  • Latvia - Norway BIT (1992) (3)
  • Switzerland - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1993) (3)
  • Turkey - United States of America BIT (1985) (3)
  • France - Senegal BIT (2007) (3)
  • Netherlands - Romania BIT (1994) (3)
  • Netherlands - Russian Federation BIT (1989) (3)
  • Netherlands - Nigeria BIT (1992) (3)
  • Netherlands - Panama BIT (2000) (2)
  • Netherlands - Peru BIT (1994) (2)
  • Mexico - United Kingdom BIT (2006) (2)
  • Mauritius - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (2009) (2)
  • Netherlands - Senegal BIT (1979) (2)
  • Italy - Pakistan BIT (1997) (2)
  • Netherlands - Viet Nam BIT (1994) (2)
  • Romania - United Kingdom BIT (1995) (2)
  • Russian Federation - Turkmenistan BIT (2009) (2)
  • Portugal - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1994) (2)
  • Romania - Sweden BIT (2002) (2)
  • Peru - United Kingdom BIT (1993) (2)
  • Philippines - Switzerland BIT (1997) (2)
  • Sri Lanka - United Kingdom BIT (1980) (2)
  • Saudi Arabia - Turkey BIT (2006) (2)
  • Ukraine - United Kingdom BIT (1993) (2)
  • Canada - Serbia BIT (2014) (2)
  • Switzerland - Zimbabwe BIT (1996) (2)
  • Trinidad and Tobago - United States of America BIT (1994) (2)
  • Russian Federation - United Kingdom BIT (1989) (2)
  • Slovakia - United States of America BIT (1991) (2)
  • Lao People's Democratic Republic - Netherlands BIT (2003) (2)
  • Latvia - Lithuania BIT (1996) (2)
  • Lithuania - Norway BIT (1992) (2)
  • Madagascar - Mauritius BIT (2004) (2)
  • Mexico - Netherlands BIT (1998) (2)
  • Moldova, Republic of - United States of America BIT (1993) (2)
  • Kazakhstan - Netherlands BIT (2002) (2)
  • Italy - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (2001) (2)
  • Latvia - Switzerland BIT (1992) (2)
  • Kuwait - Spain BIT (2005) (2)
  • Italy - Romania BIT (1990) (2)
  • Italy - Russian Federation BIT (1996) (2)
  • Italy - United Arab Emirates BIT (1995) (2)
  • Jordan - Kuwait BIT (2001) (2)
  • Indonesia - United Kingdom BIT (1976) (2)
  • Iran, Islamic Republic of - Korea, Republic of BIT (1998) (2)
  • Grenada - United States of America BIT (1986) (2)
  • Greece - Lebanon BIT (1997) (2)
  • Germany - Saudi Arabia BIT (1996) (2)
  • Germany - Turkmenistan BIT (1997) (2)
  • Germany - Ukraine BIT (1993) (2)
  • Germany - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1996) (2)
  • Germany - Philippines BIT (1997) (2)
  • Hungary - Switzerland BIT (1988) (2)
  • India - North Macedonia (2008) (2)
  • Guatemala - Spain BIT (2002) (2)
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina - India BIT (2006) (2)
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina - Slovenia BIT (2001) (2)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Czech Republic BIT (1989) (2)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Egypt BIT (1999) (2)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Madagascar BIT (2005) (2)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Malaysia BIT (1979) (2)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Poland BIT (1987) (2)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Serbia BIT (2004) (2)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Peru BIT (1993) (2)
  • Canada - Croatia BIT (1997) (2)
  • Algeria - Switzerland BIT (2004) (2)
  • Algeria - BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) BIT (1991) (2)
  • Argentina - Mexico BIT (1996) (2)
  • Argentina - Netherlands BIT (1992) (2)
  • Argentina - Peru BIT (1994) (2)
  • Australia - India BIT (1999) (2)
  • Belarus - Lithuania BIT (1999) (2)
  • Azerbaijan - Georgia BIT (1996) (2)
  • Azerbaijan - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (1996) (2)
  • Bahrain - Iran, Islamic Republic of BIT (2002) (2)
  • Austria - Montenegro BIT (2001) (2)
  • Austria - Serbia BIT (2001) (2)
  • Austria - Slovakia BIT (1990) (2)
  • Canada - Romania BIT (2009) (2)
  • Costa Rica - Spain BIT (1997) (2)
  • Costa Rica - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1997) (2)
  • China - Korea, Republic of BIT (2007) (2)
  • China - Lao People's Democratic Republic BIT (1993) (2)
  • China - Singapore BIT (1985) (2)
  • Canada - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (2013) (2)
  • Cyprus - Hungary BIT (1989) (2)
  • Congo - United Kingdom BIT (1989) (2)
  • Cyprus - Montenegro BIT (2005) (2)
  • Czech Republic - Israel BIT (1997) (2)
  • Dominican Republic - Panama BIT (2003) (2)
  • Dominican Republic - Spain BIT (1995) (2)
  • Ethiopia - Netherlands BIT (2003) (2)
  • France - Morocco BIT (1996) (2)
  • France - Mauritius BIT (1973) (2)
  • France - Libya BIT (2004) (2)
  • Germany - India BIT (1995) (2)
  • France - Russian Federation BIT (1989) (2)
  • France - Viet Nam BIT (1992) (2)
  • Egypt - Finland BIT (2004) (2)
  • Dominican Republic - France BIT (1999) (2)
  • Egypt - Netherlands BIT (1996) (2)
  • Egypt - Qatar BIT (1999) (2)
  • Egypt - Spain BIT (1992) (2)
  • Estonia - Netherlands BIT (1992) (2)
  • Estonia - Ukraine BIT (1995) (1)
  • Ethiopia - France BIT (2003) (1)
  • Ethiopia - Germany BIT (2004) (1)
  • Ethiopia - Israel BIT (2003) (1)
  • El Salvador - Spain BIT (1995) (1)
  • El Salvador - United Kingdom BIT (1999) (1)
  • Equatorial Guinea - France BIT (1982) (1)
  • Equatorial Guinea - Spain BIT (2003) (1)
  • Estonia - Finland BIT (1992) (1)
  • Estonia - Germany BIT (1992) (1)
  • Estonia - Latvia BIT (1996) (1)
  • Egypt - Turkey BIT (1996) (1)
  • Egypt - Russian Federation BIT (1997) (1)
  • Egypt - Poland BIT (1995) (1)
  • Egypt - Lebanon BIT (1996) (1)
  • Dominican Republic - Italy BIT (2006) (1)
  • Egypt - Greece BIT (1993) (1)
  • Gambia - Netherlands BIT (2002) (1)
  • Gambia - Switzerland BIT (1993) (1)
  • Georgia - Greece BIT (1994) (1)
  • Georgia - Israel BIT (1995) (1)
  • Georgia - Italy BIT (1997) (1)
  • Georgia - Kazakhstan BIT (1996) (1)
  • France - Saudi Arabia BIT (2002) (1)
  • France - Turkey BIT (2006) (1)
  • France - Uruguay BIT (1993) (1)
  • France - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (2001) (1)
  • Germany - Lebanon BIT (1997) (1)
  • Germany - Libya BIT (2004) (1)
  • Germany - Morocco BIT (2001) (1)
  • France - Qatar BIT (1996) (1)
  • Georgia - Turkey BIT (1992) (1)
  • Georgia - United Kingdom BIT (1995) (1)
  • France - Lithuania BIT (1992) (1)
  • France - Panama BIT (1982) (1)
  • France - Moldova, Republic of BIT (1997) (1)
  • Ethiopia - Turkey BIT (2000) (1)
  • Finland - Montenegro BIT (2008) (1)
  • France - Georgia BIT (1997) (1)
  • France - Iraq BIT (2010) (1)
  • France - Jordan BIT (1978) (1)
  • France - Kuwait BIT (1989) (1)
  • France - Lebanon BIT (1996) (1)
  • Ecuador - France BIT (1994) (1)
  • Ecuador - Italy BIT (2001) (1)
  • Czech Republic - United States of America BIT (1991) (1)
  • Denmark - Egypt BIT (1999) (1)
  • Denmark - Lithuania BIT (1992) (1)
  • Denmark - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (1999) (1)
  • Czech Republic - United Arab Emirates BIT (1994) (1)
  • Czech Republic - Norway BIT (1991) (1)
  • Czech Republic - Poland BIT (1993) (1)
  • Czech Republic - Slovakia BIT (1992) (1)
  • Cyprus - Romania BIT (1991) (1)
  • Czech Republic - France BIT (1990) (1)
  • Czech Republic - Greece BIT (1991) (1)
  • Cyprus - India BIT (2002) (1)
  • Cyprus - Lebanon BIT (2001) (1)
  • Cyprus - Moldova, Republic of BIT (2007) (1)
  • Canada - Uruguay BIT (1997) (1)
  • Croatia - Serbia BIT (1998) (1)
  • Cuba - Spain BIT (1994) (1)
  • China - Sweden BIT (1982) (1)
  • China - Switzerland BIT (2009) (1)
  • China - Trinidad and Tobago BIT (2002) (1)
  • China - Ukraine BIT (1992) (1)
  • China - United Kingdom BIT (1986) (1)
  • China - Viet Nam BIT (1992) (1)
  • China - Yemen BIT (1998) (1)
  • China - Malaysia BIT (1988) (1)
  • China - Malta BIT (2009) (1)
  • China - Mexico BIT (2008) (1)
  • China - Mongolia BIT (1991) (1)
  • China - Nigeria BIT (2001) (1)
  • China - Peru BIT (1994) (1)
  • China - Saudi Arabia BIT (1996) (1)
  • Croatia - Czech Republic BIT (1996) (1)
  • Croatia - France BIT (1996) (1)
  • Croatia - Germany BIT (1997) (1)
  • Croatia - Hungary BIT (1996) (1)
  • Croatia - Israel BIT (2000) (1)
  • Costa Rica - Switzerland BIT (2000) (1)
  • Canada - Slovakia BIT (2010) (1)
  • Congo - Mauritius BIT (2010) (1)
  • Austria - Slovenia BIT (2001) (1)
  • Austria - Tajikistan BIT (2010) (1)
  • Austria - Turkey BIT (1988) (1)
  • Austria - Ukraine BIT (1996) (1)
  • Austria - Poland BIT (1988) (1)
  • Australia - Egypt BIT (2001) (1)
  • Australia - Hong Kong, China SAR BIT (1993) (1)
  • Austria - India BIT (1999) (1)
  • Austria - Jordan BIT (2001) (1)
  • Austria - Libya BIT (2002) (1)
  • Austria - Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of BIT (2001) (1)
  • Austria - Malta BIT (2002) (1)
  • Armenia - Canada BIT (1997) (1)
  • Armenia - Cyprus BIT (1995) (1)
  • Armenia - Lebanon BIT (1995) (1)
  • Bahrain - Malaysia BIT (1999) (1)
  • Bangladesh - Italy BIT (1990) (1)
  • Barbados - Canada BIT (1996) (1)
  • Azerbaijan - Turkey BIT (1994) (1)
  • Azerbaijan - United Kingdom BIT (1996) (1)
  • Bahrain - Egypt BIT (1997) (1)
  • Belarus - Netherlands BIT (1995) (1)
  • Belarus - United Kingdom BIT (1994) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Benin BIT (2001) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Bolivia, Plurinational State of BIT (1990) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Cameroon BIT (1980) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - China BIT (1984) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - China BIT (2005) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Croatia BIT (2001) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Cyprus BIT (1991) (1)
  • Australia - Indonesia BIT (1992) (1)
  • Australia - Pakistan BIT (1998) (1)
  • Australia - Papua New Guinea BIT (1990) (1)
  • Australia - Philippines BIT (1995) (1)
  • Australia - Poland BIT (1991) (1)
  • Austria - Bosnia and Herzegovina BIT (2000) (1)
  • Austria - Bulgaria BIT (1997) (1)
  • Argentina - Malaysia BIT (1994) (1)
  • Algeria - Denmark BIT (1999) (1)
  • Albania - Bulgaria BIT (1994) (1)
  • Albania - Germany BIT (1991) (1)
  • Albania - Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of BIT (1997) (1)
  • Albania - Netherlands BIT (1994) (1)
  • Albania - United Kingdom BIT (1994) (1)
  • Albania - United States of America BIT (1995) (1)
  • Angola - Portugal BIT (2008) (1)
  • Argentina - Austria BIT (1992) (1)
  • Argentina - Canada BIT (1991) (1)
  • Algeria - Spain BIT (1994) (1)
  • Algeria - France BIT (1993) (1)
  • Algeria - Germany BIT (1996) (1)
  • Canada - Czech Republic BIT (1990) (1)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Switzerland BIT (1987) (1)
  • Canada - Poland BIT (1990) (1)
  • Canada - Romania BIT (1996) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - United Arab Emirates BIT (2004) (1)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Chile BIT (1994) (1)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Ecuador BIT (1995) (1)
  • Bolivia, Plurinational State of - Germany BIT (1987) (1)
  • Chile - Uruguay BIT (2010) (1)
  • Chile - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1993) (1)
  • China - Ecuador BIT (1994) (1)
  • China - Finland BIT (2004) (1)
  • China - Germany BIT (2003) (1)
  • China - Ghana BIT (1989) (1)
  • China - Greece BIT (1992) (1)
  • China - Israel BIT (1995) (1)
  • China - Japan BIT (1988) (1)
  • Cape Verde - Portugal BIT (1990) (1)
  • Chile - Costa Rica BIT (1996) (1)
  • Chile - Ecuador BIT (1993) (1)
  • Chile - France BIT (1992) (1)
  • Chile - Malaysia BIT (1992) (1)
  • Chile - Norway BIT (1993) (1)
  • Chile - Peru BIT (2000) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - South Africa BIT (1998) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Turkey BIT (1986) (1)
  • Belgium/Luxembourg - Russian Federation BIT (1989) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Rwanda BIT (1983) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Peru BIT (2005) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Philippines BIT (1998) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Gabon BIT (1998) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Korea, Republic of BIT (1974) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Korea, Republic of BIT (2006) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Libya BIT (2004) (1)
  • BLEU (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) - Egypt BIT (1977) (1)
  • Belarus - Cyprus BIT (1998) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Cyprus BIT (1987) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Czech Republic BIT (1999) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Germany BIT (1986) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Israel BIT (1993) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Netherlands BIT (1999) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Oman BIT (2007) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Romania BIT (1994) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Serbia BIT (1996) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Sweden BIT (1994) (1)
  • Bulgaria - Switzerland BIT (1991) (1)
  • Cameroon - Italy BIT (1999) (1)
  • Cameroon - United States of America BIT (1986) (1)
  • Guyana - United Kingdom BIT (1989) (1)
  • Honduras - Spain BIT (1994) (1)
  • Honduras - United States of America BIT (1995) (1)
  • Hong Kong, China SAR - Japan BIT (1997) (1)
  • Hungary - Jordan BIT (2007) (1)
  • Hungary - Netherlands BIT (1987) (1)
  • Hungary - Norway BIT (1991) (1)
  • Hungary - Portugal BIT (1992) (1)
  • Hungary - Serbia BIT (2001) (1)
  • India - Malaysia BIT (1995) (1)
  • India - Indonesia BIT (1999) (1)
  • India - Korea, Republic of BIT (1996) (1)
  • India - Libya BIT (2007) (1)
  • Germany - Viet Nam BIT (1993) (1)
  • Germany - Zimbabwe BIT (1995) (1)
  • Ghana - Malaysia BIT (1996) (1)
  • Germany - Slovakia BIT (1990) (1)
  • Germany - Sri Lanka BIT (2000) (1)
  • Germany - Thailand BIT (2002) (1)
  • Greece - Romania BIT (1997) (1)
  • Greece - Russian Federation BIT (1993) (1)
  • Germany - Ghana BIT (1995) (1)
  • Guatemala - Israel BIT (2006) (1)
  • Greece - Ukraine BIT (1994) (1)
  • Iran, Islamic Republic of - Turkey BIT (1996) (1)
  • Israel - Uzbekistan BIT (1994) (1)
  • Italy - Jordan BIT (1996) (1)
  • Italy - Kuwait BIT (1987) (1)
  • Italy - Lebanon BIT (1997) (1)
  • Italy - Lithuania BIT (1994) (1)
  • Italy - Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of BIT (1997) (1)
  • Italy - Mongolia BIT (1993) (1)
  • India - Poland BIT (1996) (1)
  • India - Russian Federation BIT (1994) (1)
  • India - Saudi Arabia BIT (2006) (1)
  • India - Switzerland BIT (1997) (1)
  • India - United Arab Emirates BIT (2013) (1)
  • Indonesia - Netherlands BIT (1994) (1)
  • Indonesia - Singapore BIT (2005) (1)
  • India - Mozambique BIT (2009) (1)
  • Jordan - Poland BIT (1997) (1)
  • Jordan - Qatar BIT (2009) (1)
  • Jordan - Sudan BIT (2000) (1)
  • Jordan - Switzerland BIT (2001) (1)
  • Jordan - Turkey BIT (1993) (1)
  • Jordan - United Kingdom BIT (1979) (1)
  • Jordan - United States of America BIT (1997) (1)
  • Italy - Slovenia BIT (2000) (1)
  • Italy - South Africa BIT (1997) (1)
  • Italy - Peru BIT (1994) (1)
  • Italy - Mozambique BIT (1998) (1)
  • Kuwait - Switzerland BIT (1998) (1)
  • Kuwait - Turkey BIT (2010) (1)
  • Kyrgyzstan - Latvia BIT (2008) (1)
  • Kyrgyzstan - Lithuania BIT (2008) (1)
  • Kyrgyzstan - Switzerland BIT (1999) (1)
  • Kyrgyzstan - Turkey BIT (1992) (1)
  • Kyrgyzstan - United Kingdom BIT (1994) (1)
  • Kazakhstan - Uzbekistan BIT (1997) (1)
  • Kenya - United Kingdom BIT (1999) (1)
  • Korea, Republic of - Libya BIT (2006) (1)
  • Korea, Republic of - Netherlands BIT (2003) (1)
  • Korea, Republic of - Nigeria BIT (1998) (1)
  • Korea, Republic of - Oman BIT (2003) (1)
  • Korea, Republic of - Saudi Arabia BIT (2002) (1)
  • Korea, Republic of - Viet Nam BIT (1993) (1)
  • Kuwait - Pakistan BIT (1983) (1)
  • Kuwait - Russian Federation BIT (1994) (1)
  • Latvia - Ukraine BIT (1997) (1)
  • Latvia - United Kingdom BIT (1994) (1)
  • Lebanon - Netherlands BIT (2002) (1)
  • Lebanon - Sudan BIT (2004) (1)
  • Libya - Portugal BIT (2003) (1)
  • Libya - Switzerland BIT (2003) (1)
  • Libya - Tunisia BIT (2005) (1)
  • Italy - Tunisia BIT (1985) (1)
  • Italy - Turkey BIT (1995) (1)
  • Kazakhstan - Switzerland BIT (1994) (1)
  • Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan BIT (1996) (1)
  • Kazakhstan - United Kingdom BIT (1995) (1)
  • Mongolia - Russian Federation BIT (1995) (1)
  • Mongolia - United States of America BIT (1994) (1)
  • Morocco - Spain BIT (1997) (1)
  • Morocco - Sweden BIT (1990) (1)
  • Mozambique - South Africa BIT (1997) (1)
  • Mozambique - United Kingdom BIT (2004) (1)
  • Nepal - United Kingdom BIT (1993) (1)
  • Netherlands - Nicaragua BIT (2000) (1)
  • Mexico - Panama BIT (2005) (1)
  • Mexico - Portugal BIT (1999) (1)
  • Mexico - Singapore BIT (2009) (1)
  • Mexico - Spain BIT (1995) (1)
  • Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of - Slovenia BIT (1996) (1)
  • Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of - Switzerland BIT (1996) (1)
  • Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of - Turkey BIT (1995) (1)
  • North Macedonia - Ukraine BIT (1998) (1)
  • Malaysia - Sri Lanka BIT (1982) (1)
  • Malaysia - Sudan BIT (1998) (1)
  • Malaysia - United Kingdom BIT (1981) (1)
  • Malta - Turkey BIT (2003) (1)
  • Mauritius - Mozambique BIT (1997) (1)
  • Mauritius - Pakistan BIT (1997) (1)
  • Mauritius - Portugal BIT (1997) (1)
  • Mauritius - Senegal BIT (2002) (1)
  • Lithuania - Serbia BIT (2005) (1)
  • Lithuania - Ukraine BIT (1994) (1)
  • Latvia - Sweden BIT (1992) (1)
  • Spain - Syrian Arab Republic BIT (2003) (1)
  • Rwanda - United States of America BIT (2008) (1)
  • Tunisia - United Kingdom BIT (1989) (1)
  • Syrian Arab Republic - Turkey BIT (2004) (1)
  • Turkmenistan - United Kingdom BIT (1995) (1)
  • Turkey - United Arab Emirates BIT (2005) (1)
  • Turkey - United Kingdom BIT (1991) (1)
  • United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom BIT (1992) (1)
  • United Arab Emirates - Yemen BIT (2001) (1)
  • United Kingdom - Uruguay BIT (1991) (1)
  • United Kingdom - Uzbekistan BIT (1993) (1)
  • Cyprus - Libya BIT (2004) (1)
  • Burkina Faso - Canada BIT (2015) (1)
  • United Kingdom - Viet Nam BIT (2002) (1)
  • United States of America - Uruguay BIT (2005) (1)
  • Uruguay - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1997) (1)
  • Lithuania - Montenegro BIT (2005) (1)
  • Georgia - Switzerland BIT (2014) (1)
  • Estonia - Kazakhstan BIT (2011) (1)
  • Belgium/Luxembourg - Russian Federation BIT (1989) (1)
  • Jordan - Iraq BIT (2013) (1)
  • Iraq - Kuwait BIT (2013) (1)
  • Kenya - United Arab Emirates BIT (2014) (1)
  • Russian Federation - Yugoslavia (former) BIT (1995) (1)
  • Rwanda - United Arab Emirates BIT (2017) (1)
  • Myanmar - Singapore BIT (2019) (1)
  • Senegal - United Kingdom BIT (1980) (1)
  • Serbia - Switzerland BIT (2005) (1)
  • Serbia - Turkey BIT (2001) (1)
  • Serbia - United Kingdom BIT (2002) (1)
  • Sierra Leone - United Kingdom BIT (2000) (1)
  • Singapore - Turkey BIT (2008) (1)
  • Slovakia - Switzerland BIT (1990) (1)
  • Sri Lanka - United States of America BIT (1991) (1)
  • Sweden - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (1999) (1)
  • Sweden - Ukraine BIT (1995) (1)
  • Sweden - United Arab Emirates BIT (1999) (1)
  • Switzerland - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (2004) (1)
  • Switzerland - Ukraine BIT (1995) (1)
  • Switzerland - Uruguay BIT (1988) (1)
  • Switzerland - Uzbekistan BIT (1993) (1)
  • Poland - Romania BIT (1994) (1)
  • Poland - Slovakia BIT (1994) (1)
  • Poland - Spain BIT (1992) (1)
  • Poland - Turkey BIT (1991) (1)
  • Poland - United Kingdom BIT (1987) (1)
  • Peru - Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of BIT (1996) (1)
  • Philippines - Spain BIT (1993) (1)
  • Peru - Switzerland BIT (1991) (1)
  • Romania - Switzerland BIT (1993) (1)
  • Romania - Turkey BIT (1991) (1)
  • Russian Federation - Spain BIT (1990) (1)
  • Netherlands - Zimbabwe BIT (1996) (1)
  • Norway - Poland BIT (1990) (1)
  • Oman - Turkey BIT (2007) (1)
  • Oman - Yemen BIT (1998) (1)
  • Pakistan - Switzerland BIT (1995) (1)
  • Netherlands - Uzbekistan BIT (1996) (1)
  • Netherlands - Uganda BIT (2000) (1)
  • Pakistan - United Kingdom BIT (1994) (1)
  • Panama - Uruguay BIT (1998) (1)
  • Paraguay - Peru BIT (1994) (1)
  • Paraguay - Switzerland BIT (1992) (1)
  • Netherlands - Serbia BIT (2002) (1)
  • Netherlands - Slovenia BIT (1996) (1)
  • Netherlands - United Republic of Tanzania BIT (2001) (1)
  • Netherlands - Tunisia BIT (1963) (1)
  • Netherlands - Tunisia BIT (1998) (1)
  • Mauritius - United Kingdom BIT (1986) (1)
  • Netherlands - Philippines BIT (1985) (1)
  • Netherlands - Paraguay BIT (1992) (1)

Treaties with Investment Provisions

  • The Energy Charter Treaty (1994) (172)
  • NAFTA (1992) (92)
  • OIC Investment Agreement (1981) (22)
  • USMCA (2018) (21)
  • CAFTA - DR (2004) (18)
  • Peru - United States FTA (2006) (10)
  • Colombia - United States TPA (2006) (7)
  • Arab Investment Agreement (1980) (7)
  • Canada - Colombia FTA (2008) (5)
  • AANZFTA (2009) (4)
  • CIS Investor Rights Convention (1997) (4)
  • US - Viet Nam Trade Relations Agreement (2000) (4)
  • Central America - Panama FTA (2002) (4)
  • Panama - United States FTA (2007) (4)
  • Korea, Republic of - United States FTA (2007) (4)
  • Canada - Panama FTA (2010) (3)
  • Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (2014) (3)
  • Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras FTA (2007) (3)
  • Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) (2018) (3)
  • Canada - Peru FTA (2008) (3)
  • Chile - Colombia FTA (2006) (2)
  • ASEAN Investment Agreement (1987) (2)
  • Eurasian Investment Agreement (2008) (2)
  • SADC Investment Protocol (2006) (2)
  • ASEAN - China Investment Agreement (2009) (2)
  • ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (2009) (1)
  • India - Korea, Republic of CEPA (2009) (1)
  • Singapore - Taiwan Province of China EPA (2013) (1)
  • Mexico - Peru FTA (2011) (1)
  • Central America - Mexico FTA (2011) (1)
  • India - Japan EPA (2011) (1)
  • EU - Iraq Cooperation Agreement (2012) (1)
  • Australia - United States FTA (2004) (1)
  • Morocco - United States FTA (2004) (1)
  • Australia - Thailand FTA (2004) (1)
  • EFTA - Korea Investment Agreement (2005) (1)
  • Oman - US FTA (2006) (1)
  • Peru - Singapore FTA (2008) (1)
  • Colombia - Mexico-Venezuela FTA (1994) (1)
  • CARICOM - Dominican Republic FTA (1998) (1)
  • Italy - Venezuela Framework Agreement (2001) (1)

Year of signature

  • 1950-1989 (167)
  • 1990-1999 (961)
  • 2000-2009 (276)
  • 2010 or later (58)

Applicable arbitration rules

  • CRCICA (Cairo Regional Center for International Commercial Arbitration) (1)
  • ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) (26)
  • ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes) (762)
  • ICSID AF (ICSID Additional Facility) (78)
  • LCIA (London Court of International Arbitration) (1)
  • MCCI (Moscow Chamber of Commerce and Industry) (3)
  • PCA (Permanent Court of Arbitration) (0)
  • SCC (Stockholm Chamber of Commerce) (56)
  • UNCITRAL (430)
  • IACAC (Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission) (0)

Administering institution

  • CRCICA (Cairo Regional Center for International Commercial Arbitration) (2)
  • ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) (27)
  • ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes) (882)
  • LCIA (London Court of International Arbitration) (5)
  • MCCI (Moscow Chamber of Commerce and Industry) (3)
  • PCA (Permanent Court of Arbitration) (266)
  • SCC (Stockholm Chamber of Commerce) (56)
  • Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) (0)
  • CESCON (Centro de Solución de Conflictos) (1)
  • AIC (Arab Investment Court) (1)
  • HKIAC (Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre) (1)

Appointments in original proceedings

  • Stern, B. (132)
  • Kaufmann-Kohler, G. (82)
  • Alexandrov, S. A. (80)
  • Hanotiau, B. (64)
  • Thomas, J. C. (63)
  • Douglas, Z. (62)
  • van den Berg, A. J. (60)
  • Fortier, L. Y. (56)
  • Brower, C. N. (51)
  • Orrego Vicuña, F. (49)
  • Fernández-Armesto, J. (48)
  • Sands, P. (46)
  • Cremades, B. M. (42)
  • Grigera Naón, H. A. (39)
  • Beechey, J. (39)
  • Paulsson, J. (37)
  • Mourre, A. (37)
  • Veeder, V. V. (36)
  • Kalicki, J. E. (36)
  • Lalonde, M. (34)
  • von Wobeser, C. (34)
  • Vinuesa, R. E. (33)
  • Greenwood, C. (33)
  • Böckstiegel, K.-H. (32)
  • Hobér, K. (32)
  • Landau, T. (32)
  • Tercier, P. (31)
  • Zuleta, E. (31)
  • Sachs, K. (31)
  • Tawil, G. S. (30)
  • Lowe, V. (29)
  • Poncet, C. (28)
  • Bernardini, P. (27)
  • Oreamuno Blanco, R. (27)
  • McRae, D. M. (27)
  • Derains, Y. (27)
  • Williams, D. A. R. (27)
  • Dupuy, P.-M. (26)
  • Lévy, L. (26)
  • Pryles, M. C. (25)
  • Reichert, K. (25)
  • Park, W. W. (24)
  • Drymer, S. L. (24)
  • Álvarez, H. C. (23)
  • Rowley, J. W. (23)
  • Knieper, R. (23)
  • Malintoppi, L. (23)
  • Rigo Sureda, A. (22)
  • Mayer, P. (22)
  • Simma, B. (22)
  • Boisson de Chazournes, L. (22)
  • Schill, S. (22)
  • Crawford, J. R. (21)
  • Price, D. M. (21)
  • van Houtte, H. (20)
  • McLachlan, C. A. (20)
  • Born, G. B. (20)
  • Heiskanen, V. (20)
  • Reed, L. (20)
  • Bethlehem, D. (19)
  • Townsend, J. M. (19)
  • Siqueiros, E. (18)
  • Gaillard, E. (18)
  • Griffith, G. (18)
  • Reisman, W. M. (18)
  • Reinisch, A. (18)
  • Garibaldi, O. M. (18)
  • Haigh, D. (17)
  • Perezcano Diaz, H. (17)
  • Berman, F. (16)
  • Tomka, P. (16)
  • Kohen, M. G. (16)
  • Bottini, G. (15)
  • Binnie, I. (15)
  • Ziadé, N. (15)
  • Bull, C. (15)
  • Schwebel, S. M. (14)
  • Crook, J. R. (14)
  • Bishop, D. (14)
  • Schreuer, C. H. (13)
  • Khan, M. A. (13)
  • Radicati di Brozolo, L. (13)
  • Fadlallah, I. (12)
  • Kaplan, N. (12)
  • Collins, L. (12)
  • Viñuales, J. E. (12)
  • Bucher, A. (11)
  • Torres Bernárdez, S. (11)
  • Caron, D. D. (11)
  • Sacerdoti, G. (11)
  • Lew, J. D. M. (11)
  • Gharavi, H. G. (11)
  • Legum, B. (11)
  • Ramírez Hernández, R. (11)
  • Blanch, J. (11)
  • Low, L. A. (10)
  • Scherer, M. (10)
  • Nunes Pinto, J. E. (10)
  • Pinto, M. (10)
  • Johnson, O. T. (10)
  • Villanúa Gómez, D. (10)
  • El-Kosheri, A. S. (9)
  • Hwang, M. (9)
  • Schwartz, E. (9)
  • Volterra, R. (9)
  • Abi-Saab, G. (9)
  • Silva Romero, E. (9)
  • Pellet, A. (9)
  • Sepúlveda Amor, B. (9)
  • Banifatemi, Y. (9)
  • Jana Linetzky, A. (9)
  • Fernández Arroyo, D. P. (9)
  • Shore, L. (9)
  • Unterhalter, D. (9)
  • Ruiz Fabri, H. (8)
  • Murphy, S. D. (8)
  • Sacco, S. (8)
  • Buergenthal, T. (7)
  • Briner, R. (7)
  • Hossain, K. (7)
  • Nariman, F. S. (7)
  • Guillaume, G. (7)
  • Söderlund, C. (7)
  • Tschanz, P.-Y. (7)
  • Danelius, H. (7)
  • Gómez-Pinzón, E. (7)
  • Nikken, P. (7)
  • Salacuse, J. W. (7)
  • Patocchi, P. M. (7)
  • Gotanda, J. Y. (7)
  • Moser, M. J. (7)
  • Wordsworth, S. (7)
  • Ferrari, F. (7)
  • Clay, T. (7)
  • Hanefeld, I. (7)
  • Spigelman, J. (7)
  • Rees, P. (7)
  • Miles, W. J. (7)
  • Tanzi, A. M. (7)
  • González García, L. (7)
  • King, B. D. (7)
  • Rezek, F. (6)
  • Aguilar Álvarez, G. (6)
  • Hertzfeld, J. M. (6)
  • Feliciano, F. P. (6)
  • Kessler, J. L. (6)
  • Dolzer, R. (6)
  • Mantilla-Serrano, F. (6)
  • Kantor, M. (6)
  • Glick, I. (6)
  • Vilkova, N. (6)
  • Martínez de Hoz, J. A. (6)
  • Bullard, A. (6)
  • Affaki, G. (6)
  • Weil, P. (5)
  • Giardina, A. (5)
  • Klein, B. (5)
  • Cheng, T. (5)
  • Caflisch, L. (5)
  • Clodfelter, M. A. (5)
  • Joubin-Bret, A. (5)
  • Cairns, D. J. A. (5)
  • Laird, I. A. (5)
  • Malinvaud, C. (5)
  • Hafez, K. (5)
  • Adekoya, O. (5)
  • Galíndez, V. (5)
  • Al-Khasawneh, A. S. (5)
  • Levine, J. (5)
  • Sucharitkul, S. (4)
  • Zykin, I. S. (4)
  • Lauterpacht, E. (4)
  • Mustill, M. (4)
  • de Mestral, A. (4)
  • Watts, A. (4)
  • Bello Janeiro, D. (4)
  • Crivellaro, A. (4)
  • Robinson, D. R. (4)
  • Edward, D. A. O. (4)
  • Lowenfeld, A. F. (4)
  • Rubins, N. (4)
  • Donovan, D. (4)
  • Barros Bourie, E. (4)
  • Verhoosel, G. (4)
  • Sekolec, J. (4)
  • van Leeuwen, M. (4)
  • Van Houtte, V. (4)
  • Gonzalez de Cossio, F. (4)
  • Jiménez Figueres, D. (4)
  • Gill, J. (4)
  • Escobar, A. A. (4)
  • Mance, J. (4)
  • Eljuri, E. (4)
  • Gearing, M. (4)
  • Fernández Rozas, J. C. (3)
  • Baptista, L. O. (3)
  • Civiletti, B. R. (3)
  • Hunter, M. J. (3)
  • Schwartz, B. (3)
  • Brownlie, I. (3)
  • Voss, J. (3)
  • Gros Espiell, H. (3)
  • Philip, A. (3)
  • Moller, G. (3)
  • Cass, R. A. (3)
  • Kühn, W. (3)
  • Lamm, C. B. (3)
  • Magallón Gómez, E. (3)
  • Aynès, L. (3)
  • Morelli Rico, S. (3)
  • Kettani, A. (3)
  • Garro, A. M. (3)
  • Lebedev, S. N. (3)
  • Rovine, A. W. (3)
  • Tomuschat, C. (3)
  • Abraham, C. W. M. (3)
  • Molfessis, N. (3)
  • Konrad, S. (3)
  • Wirth, M. (3)
  • Boo, L. (3)
  • Shin, H.-T. (3)
  • Júdice, J. M. (3)
  • Moollan, S. (3)
  • Donoghue, J. E. (3)
  • Sornarajah, M. (3)
  • Hoffmann, L. (3)
  • Bermann, G. (3)
  • Jones, D. (3)
  • Boykin, J. H. (3)
  • Fathallah, R. (3)
  • Peter, W. (3)
  • Bulnes Serrano, F. (3)
  • Petrochilos, G. (3)
  • Jiménez, A. E. (3)
  • Abdel Wahab, M. S. (3)
  • Hosking, J. (3)
  • Bjorklund, A. K. (3)
  • Stirnimann Fuentes, F. X. (3)
  • Galindo, A. (3)
  • Hoffmann, A. K. (3)
  • Asante, S. K.B. (2)
  • Karrer, P. A. (2)
  • Bredin, J.-D. (2)
  • Bedjaoui, M. (2)
  • Heth, M. (2)
  • Magnusson, S. (2)
  • Highet, K. (2)
  • Mason, A. (2)
  • Wallace, D. Jr. (2)
  • Greenberg, B. J. (2)
  • Gantz, D. A. (2)
  • Keith, K. (2)
  • Porcasi, V. (2)
  • Schütze, R. A. (2)
  • Carter, J. H. (2)
  • Faures, A. (2)
  • Audit, B. (2)
  • Barrera Sweeney, P. (2)
  • Kronke, H. (2)
  • Wälde, T. W. (2)
  • Chabaneix, J. P. (2)
  • De Trazegnies Granda, F. (2)
  • Debevoise, E. W. (2)
  • Herrera Marcano, L. (2)
  • Irarrázabal, J. (2)
  • Cançado Trindade, A. A. (2)
  • Craig, W. L. (2)
  • De Witt Wijnen, O. L. O. (2)
  • Sjovall, B. (2)
  • Weiler, T. (2)
  • Komarov, A. S. (2)
  • Baker, C. M. (2)
  • von Mehren, R. (2)
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Sought by claimant(s)

  • Less than $1 million (4)
  • $1 - 9.9 million (60)
  • $10 - 99.9 million (302)
  • $100 - 499.9 million (322)
  • $500 - 999.9 million (111)
  • $1 billion or over (143)

Awarded by tribunal

  • Less than $1 million (14)
  • $1 - 9.9 million (61)
  • $10 - 99.9 million (137)
  • $100 - 499.9 million (57)
  • $500 - 999.9 million (5)
  • $1 billion or over (14)

Agreed in settlement

  • Less than $1 million (0)
  • $1 - 9.9 million (2)
  • $10 - 99.9 million (22)
  • $100 - 499.9 million (10)
  • $500 - 999.9 million (5)
  • $1 billion or over (4)

Breaches of IIA provisions alleged

  • Direct expropriation (177)
  • Indirect expropriation (570)
  • Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims (726)
  • Full protection and security, or similar (350)
  • Umbrella clause (208)
  • National treatment (184)
  • Most-favoured nation treatment (155)
  • Performance requirements (15)
  • Losses sustained due to insurrection, war, or similar events (6)
  • Customary rules of international law (11)
  • Transfer of funds (48)
  • Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures (303)
  • Other (87)

Breaches of IIA provisions found

  • Direct expropriation (52)
  • Indirect expropriation (84)
  • Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims (212)
  • Full protection and security, or similar (25)
  • Umbrella clause (24)
  • National treatment (10)
  • Most-favoured nation treatment (5)
  • Performance requirements (4)
  • Losses sustained due to insurrection, war, or similar events (3)
  • Customary rules of international law (1)
  • Transfer of funds (9)
  • Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures (46)
  • Other (15)

ICSID annulment proceedings

  • Award/decision upheld (91)
  • Award/decision annulled in its entirety (6)
  • Award/decision partially annulled (13)
  • Discontinued (35)
  • Pending (38)

Judicial review by national courts

  • Award/decision upheld (108)
  • Award/decision set aside in its entirety (27)
  • Award/decision partially set aside (6)
  • Discontinued (5)
  • Pending (25)

ICSID resubmission proceedings

  • Decided in favour of the State (0)
  • Decided in favour of the investor (3)
  • Neither investor nor the State (liability found but no damages awarded) (1)
  • Settled (1)
  • Pending (3)
  • Discontinued for unknown reasons (1)
NO. Year of initiation Short case name Full case name Applicable IIA Arbitral rules Administering institution Summary Details of investment Outcome of original proceedings Respondent State Home State of investor Economic sector Economic subsector Arbitrators Amount claimed Amount awarded (or settled for) Breaches alleged Breaches found Decisions Individual opinions Follow-on proceeding type Follow-on proceeding status Follow-on decisions Follow-on individual opinions ICSID annulment committee members
1 2019 Díaz Gaspar v. Costa Rica Alejandro Diego Díaz Gaspar v. Republic of Costa Rica (ICSID Case No. ARB/19/13) Costa Rica - Spain BIT (1997) ICSID ICSID Investment: Investments in Ibérico SA, a local food processing company.

Summary: Claims arising out of a series of alleged measures by Government agencies against the claimant’s company, including the forced closure of Ibérico’s food production facilities, the revocation of related permits and the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings.
Investments in Ibérico SA, a local food processing company. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Costa Rica Spain Secondary: C - Manufacturing 10 - Manufacture of food products Mourre, A. - President

Jiménez, A. E. - Claimant

González García, L. - Respondent
101.00 mln USD Data not available Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Indirect expropriation

Other
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Award dated 29 June 2022 (Spanish) Partial Dissenting Opinion by Luis A. González García (Spanish) None None None None None
2 2018 EBL (Genossenschaft Elektra Baselland) and Tubo Sol PE2 S.L. v. Spain EBL (Genossenschaft Elektra Baselland) and Tubo Sol PE2 S.L. v. Kingdom of Spain (ICSID Case No. ARB/18/42) The Energy Charter Treaty (1994) ICSID ICSID Investment: Majority interest of 51% in Tubo Sol, a locally incorporated company operating a solar thermal power plant (Puerto Errado 2).

Summary: Claims arising out of a series of energy reforms undertaken by the Government affecting the renewable energy sector.
Majority interest of 51% in Tubo Sol, a locally incorporated company operating a solar thermal power plant (Puerto Errado 2). Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Spain Switzerland Tertiary: D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 35 - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Kalicki, J. E. - President

Nilsson, B. G. H. - Claimant

Ruiz Fabri, H. - Respondent
Data not available Data not available Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Other
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Award dated 11 January 2024 Dissenting Opinion by Bo G. H. Nilsson None None None None None
3 2017 Pawlowski and Projekt Sever v. Czech Republic Pawlowski AG and Projekt Sever s.r.o. v. Czech Republic (ICSID Case No. ARB/17/11) Czech Republic - Switzerland BIT (1990) ICSID ICSID Investment: Ownership of land acquired for real estate development in Benice, a district in the southeast of Prague.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged frustration of the claimants’ real estate development project through legal proceedings related to a land use plan which had permitted construction on the claimants’ land.
Ownership of land acquired for real estate development in Benice, a district in the southeast of Prague. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Czechia Switzerland Tertiary: F - Construction 41 - Construction of buildings Beechey, J. - Claimant

Fernández-Armesto, J. - President

Lowe, V. - Respondent
5266.60 mln CZK (237.20 mln USD) Data not available Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Indirect expropriation

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Other
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Award dated 1 November 2021 None ICSID annulment proceedings Pending (ICSID annulment proceedings) None None van Haersolte-Van Hof, J. J. - President

Ohara, Y. - Member

Pawlak, D. - Member
4 2016 Amlyn v. Croatia Amlyn Holding B.V. v. Republic of Croatia (ICSID Case No. ARB/16/28) The Energy Charter Treaty (1994) ICSID ICSID Investment: Investments in the construction of a biomass power plant.

Summary: Claims arising out of a series of State measures that allegedly delayed and frustrated the claimant’s biomass power plant project, including the cancellation of a power purchase agreement with the Croatian Energy Market Operator (HROTE) and legislative changes that allegedly deprived the claimant of its status as an eligible power producer.
Investments in the construction of a biomass power plant. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Croatia Netherlands Tertiary: D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 35 - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Alexandrov, S. A. - Claimant

Stern, B. - Respondent

Drymer, S. L. - President
71.10 mln EUR (82.80 mln USD) Data not available Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Award dated 22 October 2021 None None None None None None
5 2016 Eco Oro v. Colombia Eco Oro Minerals Corp. v. Republic of Colombia (ICSID Case No. ARB/16/41) Canada - Colombia FTA (2008) ICSID ICSID Investment: Mining rights held under a concession contract, comprising the Angostura gold and silver deposit in the Santurbán region of northeastern Colombia.

Summary: Claims arising out of the National Mining Agency’s decision (2016) that deprived the claimant of its mining rights in respect of 50% of the concession area (a gold and silver deposit) held by it since the mid-1990s. The relevant area was found to fall within the Santurbán Páramo, an environmental conservation zone. The Mining Agency’s actions followed the decision of Colombia’s Constitutional Court that broadened restrictions on mining in high-mountain ecosystems known as páramos (sources of the country’s freshwater supply), striking down legal provisions that had stabilized the rights of mining projects in those areas negotiated before 2010.
Mining rights held under a concession contract, comprising the Angostura gold and silver deposit in the Santurbán region of northeastern Colombia. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Colombia Canada Primary: B - Mining and quarrying 7 - Mining of metal ores Blanch, J. - President

Grigera Naón, H. A. - Claimant

Sands, P. - Respondent
696.00 mln USD Data not available Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Indirect expropriation

Full protection and security, or similar
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Decision on Jurisdiction, Liability and Directions on Quantum dated 9 September 2021

Award on Damages dated 15 July 2024 (English)

Award on Damages dated 15 July 2024 (Spanish)
Partial Dissenting Opinion by Horacio A. Grigera Naón

Partial Dissent of Philippe Sands

Dissenting Opinion by Horacio A. Grigera Naón (English)

Declaration on Costs by Philippe Sands (English)

Dissenting Opinion by Horacio A. Grigera Naón (Spanish)

Declaration on Costs by Philippe Sands (Spanish)
None None None None None
6 2016 Güriş v. Libya Güriş İnşaat ve Mühendislik A.Ş. v. Libya (ICC Case No. 22137/ZF/AYZ) Libya - Turkey BIT (2009) ICC ICC Investment:

Summary:
Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Libya Türkiye Tertiary: F - Construction 41 - Construction of buildings Tercier, P. - President

Sachs, K. - Claimant

Landau, T. - Respondent
118.80 mln EUR (133.70 mln USD) Data not available Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Indirect expropriation

Losses sustained due to insurrection, war, or similar events

Umbrella clause
Indirect expropriation

Full protection and security, or similar
Partial Award dated 4 February 2020

Final Award dated 23 November 2021
None Judicial review by national courts Award/decision upheld (Judicial review by national courts) Judgment of the Paris Court of Appeal dated 19 December 2023 (French) (Judicial review by national courts) None None
7 2016 Muszynianka v. Slovakia Muszynianka Spółka z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością v. Slovak Republic (PCA Case No. 2017-08) Poland - Slovakia BIT (1994) UNCITRAL PCA Investment: Investments in mineral water production.

Summary: Claims arising out of the 2014 change to the Slovakian Constitution that forbade cross-border bulk transportation of drinking and mineral water derived from Slovak water sources and the rejection of the claimant’s application for a mineral water extraction permit. These actions allegedly frustrated the claimant’s venture to extract and transport (via pipeline) mineral water from a source in Slovakia to its bottling plant in a neighbouring town in Poland.
Investments in mineral water production. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Slovakia Poland Secondary: C - Manufacturing 11 - Manufacture of beverages Alexandrov, S. A. - Claimant (replaced)

Thomas, J. C. - Respondent

Kaufmann-Kohler, G. - President

Volterra, R. - Claimant
575.60 mln PLN (150.90 mln USD) Data not available Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Indirect expropriation
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Award dated 7 October 2020 Partial Dissenting Opinion by Robert Volterra None None None None None
8 2016 Safa v. Greece Iskandar Safa and Akram Safa v. Hellenic Republic (ICSID Case No. ARB/16/20) Greece - Lebanon BIT (1997) ICSID ICSID Investment: Co-ownership of the Privinvest Group, a naval shipbuilding group, which acquired a majority stake in Hellenic Shipyards SA in 2010.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s allegedly unlawful actions related to Hellenic Shipyards, an operator of a large shipyard near Athens, including a claim for EUR 300 million from a State-owned entity, a prohibition for the shipyard to work for foreign navies and stopped payments under contracts.
Co-ownership of the Privinvest Group, a naval shipbuilding group, which acquired a majority stake in Hellenic Shipyards SA in 2010. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Greece Lebanon Secondary: C - Manufacturing 30 - Manufacture of other transport equipment Heiskanen, V. - President

Reichert, K. - Claimant

Stern, B. - Respondent
382.00 mln EUR (442.60 mln USD) Data not available Direct expropriation

Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Umbrella clause
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Decision on Jurisdiction and Liability dated 24 July 2020

Award dated 30 June 2023
None ICSID annulment proceedings Discontinued (ICSID annulment proceedings) Order Taking Note of the Discontinuance of the Proceeding dated 14 May 2024 (ICSID annulment proceedings) None King, B. D. - President

Adekoya, O. - Member

Tonova, S. - Member
9 2015 B3 Croatian Courier v. Croatia B3 Croatian Courier Coöperatief U.A. v. Republic of Croatia (ICSID Case No. ARB/15/5) Croatia - Netherlands BIT (1998) ICSID ICSID Investment: Ownership of a postal services enterprise, City Ex.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s alleged failure to implement measures required by EU law since Croatia’s EU accession in 2013 for the liberalization of the country’s postal services market, as well as the allegedly anti-competitive market practices of the incumbent Croatian Post.
Ownership of a postal services enterprise, City Ex. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Croatia Netherlands Tertiary: H - Transportation and storage 53 - Postal and courier activities Hanotiau, B. - President

Stern, B. - Respondent

Alexandrov, S. A. - Claimant
53.00 mln EUR (57.80 mln USD) 0.00 mln USD Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Indirect expropriation

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Award dated 5 April 2019 None None None None None None
10 2014 Infinito Gold v. Costa Rica Infinito Gold Ltd. v. Republic of Costa Rica (ICSID Case No. ARB/14/5) Canada - Costa Rica BIT (1998) ICSID ICSID Investment: Rights under an exploration permit and an exploitation concession for the development of a gold mine in Costa Rica, known as Las Crucitas Project.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s revocation of claimant's concession for a gold mining project at Crucitas de Cutris, in northern Costa Rica, through alleged court and executive measures without payment of adequate compensation.
Rights under an exploration permit and an exploitation concession for the development of a gold mine in Costa Rica, known as Las Crucitas Project. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Costa Rica Canada Primary: B - Mining and quarrying 7 - Mining of metal ores Kaufmann-Kohler, G. - President

Hanotiau, B. - Claimant

Stern, B. - Respondent
93.80 mln USD Data not available Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Most-favoured nation treatment

Other

Umbrella clause
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Decision on Jurisdiction dated 4 December 2017

Award dated 3 June 2021 (English)

Award dated 3 June 2021 (Spanish)
Separate Opinion by Brigitte Stern (English)

Separate Opinion by Brigitte Stern (Spanish)
ICSID annulment proceedings Discontinued (ICSID annulment proceedings) Order Taking Note of the Discontinuance of the Proceeding dated 15 July 2024 (ICSID annulment proceedings) None King, B. D. - President

Moreno Rodríguez, J. A. - Member

Villanúa Gómez, D. - Member
11 2013 Cementos La Union v. Egypt Cementos La Union S.A. and Aridos Jativa S.L.U v. Arab Republic of Egypt (ICSID Case No. ARB/13/29) Egypt - Spain BIT (1992) ICSID ICSID Investment: Majority shareholding (60 per cent) in the cement manufacturing company Arabian Cement Company that had concluded the construction of a cement production facility in Suez.

Summary: Claims arising out of the alleged overpricing by the Government of an operating license for a cement manufacturing plant, and the application of an allegedly uncommon system of granting the licenses through tenders.
Majority shareholding (60 per cent) in the cement manufacturing company Arabian Cement Company that had concluded the construction of a cement production facility in Suez. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Egypt Spain Secondary: C - Manufacturing 23 - Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products Söderlund, C. - President

Brower, C. N. - Claimant

Sands, P. - Respondent
Data not available Data not available Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Other
Other Award dated 30 October 2020 Concurring and Dissenting Opinion by Charles N. Brower ICSID annulment proceedings Award/decision upheld (ICSID annulment proceedings) Decision on Annulment dated 31 July 2023 (ICSID annulment proceedings) None Pinto, M. - President

Miles, W. J. - Member

Wallgren-Lindholm, C. - Member
12 2013 Cervin and Rhone v. Costa Rica Cervin Investissements S.A. and Rhone Investissements S.A. v. Republic of Costa Rica (ICSID Case No. ARB/13/2) Costa Rica - Switzerland BIT (2000) ICSID ICSID Investment: Ownership of the Costa Rican company Gas Nacional Zeta S.A. that held gas concession agreements.

Summary: Claims arising out of a series of regulatory changes by the Government concerning liquid petroleum gas (LPG) sales, including tariff adjustments and the filling of canisters in which gas is sold, that had an alleged negative impact on claimants' gas distribution business.
Ownership of the Costa Rican company Gas Nacional Zeta S.A. that held gas concession agreements. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Costa Rica Switzerland Tertiary: D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 35 - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Mourre, A. - President

Ramírez Hernández, R. - Claimant

Jana Linetzky, A. - Respondent
40632.00 mln CRC (75.00 mln USD) 0.00 mln USD Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Umbrella clause

National treatment
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Decision on Jurisdiction dated 15 December 2014

Award dated 7 March 2017
Dissenting Opinion of Ricardo Ramírez Hernández (Decision on Jurisdiction)

Separate Opinion Regarding Costs by Ricardo Ramírez Hernández
None None None None None
13 2012 MNSS and RCA v. Montenegro MNSS B.V. and Recupero Credito Acciaio N.V v. Montenegro (ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/12/8) Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of - Netherlands BIT (1998) ICSID AF ICSID Investment: Majority shareholding in a steel production company located in Montenegro.

Summary: Claims arising out of alleged Government interference with the operation and management of a steel production facility in which the claimants had invested, leading to its bankruptcy.
Majority shareholding in a steel production company located in Montenegro. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Montenegro Netherlands Secondary: C - Manufacturing 24 - Manufacture of basic metals Rigo Sureda, A. - President

Gaillard, E. - Claimant

Stern, B. - Respondent

Schreuer, C. H. - Respondent (replaced)
100.00 mln EUR (114.50 mln USD) 0.00 mln USD Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Most-favoured nation treatment

Transfer of funds

Indirect expropriation

Direct expropriation
Full protection and security, or similar Award dated 4 May 2016

Decision on the Request for Supplementary Decision dated 24 October 2016
None None None None None None
14 2012 Swissbourgh and others v. Lesotho Swissbourgh Diamond Mines (Pty) Limited, Josias Van Zyl, The Josias Van Zyl Family Trust and others v. The Kingdom of Lesotho (PCA Case No. 2013-29) SADC Investment Protocol (2006) UNCITRAL PCA Investment: Rights under mining leases entered into with the Government.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government’s conduct in relation to a SADC Tribunal proceeding over the expropriation of the claimants’ mining leases.
Rights under mining leases entered into with the Government. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Lesotho South Africa Primary: B - Mining and quarrying 8 - Other mining and quarrying Williams, D. A. R. - President

Bishop, D. - Claimant

Nienaber, P. M. - Respondent
Data not available 0.00 mln USD Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Direct expropriation

Other
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Other
Partial Award on Jurisdiction and the Merits dated 18 April 2016

Interpretation Award dated 27 June 2016
Dissenting Opinion by P. M. Nienaber Judicial review by national courts Award/decision set aside in its entirety (Judicial review by national courts) Judgment of the High Court of Singapore on the Set Aside Application dated 14 August 2017 (Judicial review by national courts)

Judgment of the Singapore Court of Appeal dated 27 November 2018 (Judicial review by national courts)
None None
15 2011 Agility v. Pakistan Agility for Public Warehousing Company K.S.C. v. Islamic Republic of Pakistan (ICSID Case No. ARB/11/8) Kuwait - Pakistan BIT (1983) ICSID ICSID Investment: Ownership of the Pakistan Automated Customs Clearance System software introduced by the Government at Pakistan's Karachi International Container Terminal and later extended to other ports and airports in the country.

Summary: Claims arising out of outstanding payments from the Government concerning claimant's automated customs clearing system to assess duties on imports passing through Pakistani ports.
Ownership of the Pakistan Automated Customs Clearance System software introduced by the Government at Pakistan's Karachi International Container Terminal and later extended to other ports and airports in the country. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Pakistan Kuwait Tertiary: O - Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 84 - Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Fortier, L. Y. - President

Brower, C. N. - Claimant

Moollan, S. - Respondent
650.00 mln USD 0.00 mln USD Data not available Data not available Decision on jurisdiction dated 27 February 2013

Award dated 1 August 2016
None None None None None None
16 2011 Al Warraq v. Indonesia Hesham Talaat M. Al-Warraq v. The Republic of Indonesia OIC Investment Agreement (1981) UNCITRAL None Investment: Indirect ownership of capital in Bank Century through a wholly-owned company (FGAH First Gulf Asia Holdings) and through claimant's personal shareholding through another company (ABN Amro).

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government's bailout of a bank in which the claimant had allegedly invested, followed by criminal investigations and the subsequent prosecution of Mr. Al-Warraq for fraudulent activities in the Indonesian financial sector.
Indirect ownership of capital in Bank Century through a wholly-owned company (FGAH First Gulf Asia Holdings) and through claimant's personal shareholding through another company (ABN Amro). Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Indonesia Saudi Arabia Tertiary: K - Financial and insurance activities 64 - Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding Cremades, B. M. - President

Hwang, M. - Claimant

Nariman, F. S. - Respondent
19.60 mln USD 0.00 mln USD Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Award on Respondent's Preliminary Objections to Jurisdiction and Admissibility of the Claims dated 21 June 2012

Final Award dated 15 December 2014
None None None None None None
17 2010 AES v. Kazakhstan AES Corporation and Tau Power B.V. v. Republic of Kazakhstan (ICSID Case No. ARB/10/16) Kazakhstan - United States of America BIT (1992)

The Energy Charter Treaty (1994)
ICSID ICSID Investment: Ownership of a number of power facilities and trading companies that held rights under long-term concessions concluded with the Government.

Summary: Claims arising out of a series of actions including fines and tariff restrictions imposed to claimants by Kazakh competition authorities concerning energy prices that allegedly had adverse financial impacts on the company’s operations in the country.
Ownership of a number of power facilities and trading companies that held rights under long-term concessions concluded with the Government. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Kazakhstan United States of America

Netherlands
Tertiary: D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 35 - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Tercier, P. - President

Born, G. B. - President (replaced)

Sachs, K. - Claimant

Lowe, V. - Respondent
1290.00 mln USD 0.00 mln USD Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Umbrella clause

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Transfer of funds

Full protection and security, or similar
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Award dated 1 November 2013 None None None None None None
18 2010 Bosca v. Lithuania Luigiterzo Bosca v. Republic of Lithuania (PCA Case No. 2011-05) Italy - Lithuania BIT (1994) UNCITRAL PCA Investment: Know-how by way of providing services to wine producing company in Lithuania; "making of contract" rights as winner of a public tender for the acquisition of a sparkling wines manufacturing company.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government's annulment of claimant's successful bid for the company AB Alita, a Lithuanian alcoholic beverage producer.
Know-how by way of providing services to wine producing company in Lithuania; "making of contract" rights as winner of a public tender for the acquisition of a sparkling wines manufacturing company. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Lithuania Italy Secondary: C - Manufacturing 11 - Manufacture of beverages Lalonde, M. - President

Price, D. M. - Claimant

Stern, B. - Respondent
207.00 mln EUR (279.20 mln USD) 0.00 mln USD Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

National treatment

Most-favoured nation treatment

Direct expropriation

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Award dated 17 May 2013 None None None None None None
19 2008 Al-Bahloul v. Tajikistan Mohammad Ammar Al-Bahloul v. The Republic of Tajikistan (SCC Case No. 064/2008) The Energy Charter Treaty (1994) SCC SCC Investment: Rights under four hydrocarbon exploration agreements concluded between Mr. Al-Bahloul and Tajikistan.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government's alleged failure to ensure the issuance of licenses pursuant to several hydrocarbon exploration agreements concluded between Mr. Al-Bahloul and Tajikistan's State Committee for Oil and Gas for four areas (Rengan, Sargazon, Yalgyzkak and East Soupetau) in Tajikistan.
Rights under four hydrocarbon exploration agreements concluded between Mr. Al-Bahloul and Tajikistan. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Tajikistan Austria Primary: B - Mining and quarrying 6 - Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Hertzfeld, J. M. - President

Happ, R. - Claimant

Zykin, I. S. - Respondent
228.00 mln USD
Non-pecuniary relief
0.00 mln USD Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Umbrella clause

National treatment

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Umbrella clause Partial Award on Jurisdiction and Liability dated 2 September 2009

Final Award dated 8 June 2010
None None None None None None
20 2007 Paushok v. Mongolia Sergei Paushok, CJSC Golden East Company and CJSC Vostokneftegaz Company v. The Government of Mongolia Mongolia - Russian Federation BIT (1995) UNCITRAL None Investment: Direct and indirect ownership of all outstanding shares of two Mongolian gold mining companies (KOO Golden East-Mongolia and KOO Bumbat) and an oil and gas company (KOO Vostokneftegaz) operating in Mongolia; capital contributions to these companies.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government's enactment of the law "On Imposition of Price Increase (Windfall) Taxes on Some Commodities" which included the sale of gold and the law "On Minerals" that allegedly affected claimants' investments in the business of exploring and developing placer gold deposits in Mongolia.
Direct and indirect ownership of all outstanding shares of two Mongolian gold mining companies (KOO Golden East-Mongolia and KOO Bumbat) and an oil and gas company (KOO Vostokneftegaz) operating in Mongolia; capital contributions to these companies. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Mongolia Russian Federation Primary: B - Mining and quarrying 7 - Mining of metal ores Lalonde, M. - President

Grigera Naón, H. A. - Claimant

Stern, B. - Respondent
1000.00 mln USD Data not available Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

National treatment

Most-favoured nation treatment

Customary rules of international law

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Award on Jurisdiction and Liability dated 28 April 2011

Additional Award dated 11 July 2011
None Judicial review by national courts Award/decision upheld (Judicial review by national courts) Judgment of The Hague District Court dated 17 March 2021 (Judicial review by national courts)

Judgment of The Hague Court of Appeal dated 28 February 2023 (Judicial review by national courts)
None None
21 2007 Urbaser and CABB v. Argentina Urbaser S.A. and Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao Biskaia, Bilbao Biskaia Ur Partzuergoa v. Argentine Republic (ICSID Case No. ARB/07/26) Argentina - Spain BIT (1991) ICSID ICSID Investment: Direct and indirect minority shareholding in an Argentinean vehicle company that held a concession for the provision of a drinking water supply and sewerage services in Buenos Aires.

Summary: Claims arising out of Argentina's alleged interference with the tariff regime applicable to claimant's investment and other alleged breaches of obligations under the relevant concession agreement through the enactment of emergency measures during its 2001-2002 economic crisis.
Direct and indirect minority shareholding in an Argentinean vehicle company that held a concession for the provision of a drinking water supply and sewerage services in Buenos Aires. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Argentina Spain Tertiary: E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities

Tertiary: E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
36 - Water collection, treatment and supply

37 - Sewerage
Bucher, A. - President

Martínez-Fraga, P. J. - Claimant

McLachlan, C. A. - Respondent

Brownlie, I. - Respondent (replaced)
211.20 mln USD 0.00 mln USD Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims Decision on Jurisdiction dated 19 December 2012

Award dated 8 December 2016
None None None None None None
22 2006 Nordzucker v. Poland Nordzucker AG v. The Republic of Poland Germany - Poland BIT (1989) UNCITRAL None Investment: Intended acquisition of two sugar production plants in Poland, including the payment of a guarantee deposited with certain sugar holding companies in its capacity of bidder for the companies' shares.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Government's implementation of a privatization programme for its sugar industry and its alleged retraction from selling Nordzucker two state-owned sugar producers (including a total of five production plants), which would have increased the claimant's total market-share to 20 per cent of Poland's sugar industry.
Intended acquisition of two sugar production plants in Poland, including the payment of a guarantee deposited with certain sugar holding companies in its capacity of bidder for the companies' shares. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Poland Germany Secondary: C - Manufacturing 10 - Manufacture of food products Bucher, A. - Claimant

Tomaszewski, M. - Respondent

Van Houtte, V. - President
153.70 mln EUR (228.30 mln USD) 0.00 mln USD Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Other
Other Partial Award (Jurisdiction) dated 10 December 2008

Second Partial Award (Merits) dated 28 January 2009

Third Partial and Final Award (Damages and Costs) dated 23 November 2009
None None None None None None
23 2006 Rompetrol v. Romania The Rompetrol Group N.V. v. Romania (ICSID Case No. ARB/06/3) Netherlands - Romania BIT (1994) ICSID ICSID Investment: Controlling shareholding in Rompetrol Rafinare S.A., a privatised Romanian company which owned and operated an oil refinery and petrochemical complex.

Summary: Claims arising out of investigations undertaken by Romanian anti-corruption and criminal prosecution authorities relating to the privatisation of an oil refinery company, shortly after the sale of the controlling shares to the claimant, allegedly including the arrest, detention, travel-ban and wire-tapping of key company's executives.
Controlling shareholding in Rompetrol Rafinare S.A., a privatised Romanian company which owned and operated an oil refinery and petrochemical complex. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Romania Netherlands Secondary: C - Manufacturing 19 - Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products Berman, F. - President

Donovan, D. - Claimant

Lalonde, M. - Respondent
100.00 mln USD 0.00 mln USD Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Other
Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Other
Decision on Respondent’s Preliminary Objections on Jurisdiction and Admissibility dated 18 April 2008

Award dated 6 May 2013
None None None None None None
24 2005 Biwater v. Tanzania Biwater Gauff (Tanzania) Limited v. United Republic of Tanzania (ICSID Case No. ARB/05/22) United Republic of Tanzania - United Kingdom BIT (1994) ICSID ICSID Investment: Controlling interest in local investment vehicle company that had concluded certain agreements with a Tanzanian public corporation, the Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority, to implement a water and sewerage infrastructure project.

Summary: Claims arising out of contractual disputes between claimant's locally-incorporated company and Tanzania's Water and Sewerage Authority, followed by a series of events that allegedly led to the deportation of the investor's senior management, as well as the seizure of its assets and takeover of its business.
Controlling interest in local investment vehicle company that had concluded certain agreements with a Tanzanian public corporation, the Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority, to implement a water and sewerage infrastructure project. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Tanzania, United Republic of United Kingdom Tertiary: E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities

Tertiary: E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
36 - Water collection, treatment and supply

37 - Sewerage
Hanotiau, B. - President

Born, G. B. - Claimant

Landau, T. - Respondent
20.00 mln USD 0.00 mln USD Direct expropriation

Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Transfer of funds

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Indirect expropriation

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

Full protection and security, or similar

Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures
Award dated 24 July 2008 Concurring and Dissenting Opinion of Gary Born None None None None None
25 2001 Crespo and others v. Poland Julian Crespo Santamargarita, Juan Ricardo Crespo Santamargarita, Valencja Sp. z.o.o. v. Republic of Poland Poland - Spain BIT (1992) ICC ICC Investment: Investments in an agri-food business.

Summary: Claims arising out of the Polish tax authority’s blocking of funds on the claimants’ bank accounts, related to the collection of corporate taxes allegedly due to the state.
Investments in an agri-food business. Decided in favour of neither party (liability found but no damages awarded) Poland Spain Tertiary: G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 46 - Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles Name not available - President

Name not available - Claimant

Name not available - Respondent
6.70 mln USD Data not available Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures

Fair and equitable treatment/Minimum standard of treatment, including denial of justice claims

National treatment

Full protection and security, or similar

Indirect expropriation

Transfer of funds
Arbitrary, unreasonable and/or discriminatory measures Interim Award dated 21 November 2004

Final Award dated 22 September 2005
Dissenting Opinion of Jerzy Rajski None None None None None
No results found
No. Name Cases as Respondent State Cases as Home State of claimant
1 Albania 14 1
2 Algeria 13 2
3 Angola 1 0
4 Argentina 65 5
5 Armenia 7 0
6 Australia 6 13
7 Austria 1 32
8 Azerbaijan 7 1
9 Bahamas 0 2
10 Bahrain 4 1
11 Bangladesh 1 0
12 Barbados 1 7
13 Belarus 5 2
14 Belgium 4 22
15 Belize 4 0
16 Benin 1 0
17 Bermuda 0 1
18 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 19 1
19 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 0
20 British Virgin Islands 0 1
21 Bulgaria 13 3
22 Burkina Faso 1 0
23 Burundi 4 0
24 Cabo Verde 1 0
25 Cambodia 1 0
26 Cameroon 3 0
27 Canada 36 76
28 Chile 8 10
29 China 9 20
30 Colombia 25 5
31 Congo 3 0
32 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 4 0
33 Costa Rica 14 2
34 Croatia 20 3
35 Cuba 1 0
36 Cyprus 5 38
37 Czechia 43 7
38 Denmark 2 9
39 Dominican Republic 11 2
40 Ecuador 30 0
41 Egypt 48 7
42 El Salvador 4 1
43 Equatorial Guinea 2 0
44 Estonia 5 3
45 Ethiopia 6 0
46 European Union 2 0
47 Finland 3 3
48 France 3 68
49 Gabon 3 0
50 Gambia 2 0
51 Georgia 18 1
52 Germany 7 87
53 Ghana 3 0
54 Gibraltar 0 2
55 Greece 5 16
56 Grenada 2 0
57 Guatemala 9 1
58 Guyana 1 0
59 Honduras 10 0
60 Hong Kong, China SAR 0 2
61 Hungary 18 4
62 India 30 12
63 Indonesia 7 0
64 Iran, Islamic Republic of 1 6
65 Iraq 6 0
66 Ireland 0 2
67 Israel 0 8
68 Italy 14 53
69 Jamaica 0 1
70 Japan 1 6
71 Jordan 10 9
72 Kazakhstan 20 7
73 Kenya 1 1
74 Korea, Republic of 10 8
75 Kuwait 7 9
76 Kyrgyzstan 18 1
77 Lao People's Democratic Republic 4 0
78 Latvia 10 5
79 Lebanon 6 6
80 Lesotho 2 0
81 Libya 23 1
82 Liechtenstein 0 1
83 Lithuania 8 8
84 Luxembourg 1 47
85 Macao, China SAR 0 1
86 Madagascar 4 0
87 Malaysia 3 9
88 Malta 1 5
89 Mauritius 4 17
90 Mexico 56 7
91 Moldova, Republic of 13 1
92 Mongolia 6 0
93 Montenegro 6 0
94 Morocco 9 0
95 Mozambique 5 0
96 Myanmar 2 0
97 Nepal 1 0
98 Netherlands 4 135
99 Nicaragua 3 0
100 Nigeria 5 0
101 North Macedonia 11 0
102 Norway 3 6
103 Oman 4 2
104 Pakistan 12 0
105 Panama 23 10
106 Papua New Guinea 1 0
107 Paraguay 3 0
108 Peru 35 5
109 Philippines 8 1
110 Poland 40 8
111 Portugal 1 9
112 Qatar 3 9
113 Romania 27 1
114 Russian Federation 33 28
115 Rwanda 2 0
116 Saudi Arabia 11 8
117 Senegal 6 0
118 Serbia 16 0
119 Seychelles 0 2
120 Sierra Leone 1 0
121 Singapore 0 14
122 Slovakia 14 1
123 Slovenia 6 3
124 South Africa 1 3
125 Spain 58 77
126 Sri Lanka 5 0
127 Sudan 2 0
128 Sweden 1 15
129 Switzerland 1 52
130 Syrian Arab Republic 2 0
131 Tajikistan 2 0
132 Tanzania, United Republic of 14 0
133 Thailand 2 0
134 Trinidad and Tobago 3 0
135 Tunisia 4 2
136 Türkiye 19 51
137 Turkmenistan 17 0
138 Uganda 1 0
139 Ukraine 33 18
140 United Arab Emirates 7 13
141 United Kingdom 1 120
142 United States of America 24 234
143 Uruguay 7 1
144 Uzbekistan 9 1
145 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 65 3
146 Viet Nam 13 0
147 Yemen 3 0
148 Zimbabwe 3 0
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